| Demospongiae |
Hadromerida |
Spirastrellidae |
Spirastrella coccinea |
18 |
Thick, leathery incrustations with scattered, slighlty elevated oscules. Color bright vermillion in shallow specimens, dull red in deeper specimens, the latter as a result of having a withish skin patched by bright colored inhalant areas (oscular collars are also whitish). S. hartmani Boury-Esnault, Klautau, Bézac, Wulff and Solé-Cava, 1999 is distinguished from S. coccinea by having a salmon color, a softer consistency, and clearly elevanted exhalant canals that converge in raised oscula. S. coccinea has a category of stouter spiraster spicules. |
(Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864) |
red,orange,encrusting,tough |
| Demospongiae |
Hadromerida |
Spirastrellidae |
Spirastrella hartmani |
17 |
Previoulsy known as S. cuncatrix (Schmidt, 1868), which is a different species from the Mediterranean. Thick encrustantions, salmon color to dull orange, usually with oscules and exhalant canals forming an elevanted vein star pattern over the surface. S. mollis Verrill, 1907 may be a previous name, but as the type specimen seems to be lost (Boury-Esnault et al., 1999), it cannot be compared at present. It may be a valid, different species, existing only in Bermuda. However, as in other reef localities of the Caribbean there are only two Spirastrella coexisting morphs corresponding to S. hartmani and to S. coccinea (Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864), S. mollis may have priority over S. hartmani. S. coccinea is bright vermillion or dull red, more leathery, and has a stouter category of spiraster spicules. Deep water specimens of S. hartmani in the Bahamas also have stout spirasters adding confusion to the distinction between these two species. Detailed comparisons of pairs of specimens from each locality may help resolve this problem. |
Boury-Esnault, Klautau, Bézac, Wulff & Solé-Cava, 1999 |
brown,orange,gray,cinnamon-tan,cream,encrusting,tough,soft |
