UNCW National Science Foundation Valdosta State University Universidad Nacional de Colombia The Sponge Guide

Taxanomic References:

References are provided for each species in the Sponge Guide.  Below is a list of the references used:

  • Alcolado, P.M. 1976. Lista de nuevos registros de poríferos para Cuba. Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Instituto de Oceanología, Serie Oceanológica 36, 11 pp.
  • Alcolado, P.M. 1979. Nueva especie de porífero (género Strongylophora) encontrada en Cuba. Poeyana 196, 5 pp.
  • Alcolado, P.M. 1980. Esponjas de Cuba: nuevos registros. Poeyana 197, 10 pp.
  • Alcolado, P.M. 1981. Guía para la identificación de algunos poriferos cubanos (Clase Demospongiae). Acad. Cienc. Cuba, Inst. Oceanol., Inf. Cient.-Tecn. 184, 42 pp.
  • Alcolado, P.M. 1984. Nuevas especies de esponjas encontradas en Cuba. Poeyana 271, 22 pp.
  • Alcolado, P.M. and G.G. Gotera. 1986. Nuevas adiciones a la fauna de poríferos de Cuba. Poeyana 331, 19 pp.
  • Alvarez, B., R.W.M. van Soest and K. Rützler. 1998. A revision of Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) of the Central-West Atlantic region. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 598, 47 pp.
  • Alvarez, B., R.W.M. van Soest and K. Rützler. 2002. Svenzea, a new genus of Dictyonellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) from tropical reef environments, with description of two new species. Contr. Zool. 71(4): 171-176.
  • Arndt. W. 1927. Kalk und Keeselchwämme von Curaçao. Bijd. Dierk. 25: 133-158.
  • Assmann, M., R.W.M. van Soest and M. Köck. 2001. Description of Agelas cerebrum, a new species and re-descripton of Agelas dilatata (Porifera). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 114(2): 359-366.
  • Boury-Esnault, N. 1973. Campagne de la "Calypso" au large des côtes Atlantiques de L'Amerique du Sud (1961-1962). I. Spongiaires. Résultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la "Calypso" 10(29). 263-295.
  • Boury-Esnault, N., M. Klautau, C. Bézac, J. Wulff and A.M. Solé-Cava. 1999. Comparative study of putative conspecific sponge populations from both sides of the Isthmus of Panama. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K: 79: 39-50.
  • Burton, M. 1954. Sponges. In: The "Rosaura" expedition, pt. 5. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. 2, 6: 215-239.
  • Cárdenas, P., C. Menegola, H.T. Rapp & M.C. Díaz. 2009. Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 2276: 1-39.
  • Carter, H.J. 1879. Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 3 (ser. 5) (33): 284-304, pls. 28-29.
  • Carter, H.J. 1882. Some sponges from the West Indies and Acapulco in the Liverpool Free Museum, with general and classificatory remarks. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 9 (ser. 5) (29): 266-301, (36) 346-368, pls. 11 and 12.
  • Carter, H.J. 1884. Catalogue of marine sponges, collected by Mr. Jos. Willcox on the West coast of Florida. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.: 202-210.
  • Carter. H.J. 1883. Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12 (ser. 5): 308-329, pls. 11-14.
  • Carter. H.J. 1885. Catalogue of marine sponge collected by Mr. Jos. Willcox on the west coast of Florida. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., for 1884: 202-209.
  • Carvalho, M. de S. and E. Hajdu. 2001. Comments on Brazilian Halichondria Fleming (Halichondriidae, Halichondrida, Demospongiae), with the description of four new species from the Săo Sebastiăo Channel and its environments (Tropical southwestern Atlantic)
  • Carvalho, M. de S., E. Hajdu, B. Mothes and R.W.M. van Soest. 2004. Amorphinopsis (Halichondrida: Demospongiae) from the Atlantic Ocean, with description of a new species. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 84: 925-930.
  • Colin, P.L. 1878. Caribbean reef invertebrates and plants. TFH publications, Inc., Ltd., Neptune City, 512 pp.
  • Crozier, B.B. 1918. Bermudan species of Donatia (Tethya). Contr. Bermuda Biol. Stat. Res. 77: 11-18.
  • Dendy, A. 1890. Observations of the West-Indian Chalinine sponges, with descriptions of new species. Trans. Zool. Soc. London 12 (10) (1) (14): 349-368, pls. 58-63 (=1887 Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 503-507)
  • Díaz, H., M. Bevilacqua and D. Boné. 1985. Esponjas en manglares del Parque Nacional Morrocoy. Fondo Editorial Acta Científica Venezolana, Caracas, 62 pp.
  • Díaz, M.C., B. Alvarez and R.W.M. van Soest. 1987. New species of Demospongiae (Porifera) from the National Park "Archipiélago de Los Roques", Venezuela. Bijd. Dierk. 57(1): 31-41.
  • Díaz, M.C., R.W. Thacker, K. Rützler and C. Piantoni. 2007. Two new haplosclerid sponges from Caribbean Panama with symbiotic filamentous cyanobacteria, and an overview of sponge-cyanobacteria associations. In: Hajdu, G. Lôbo-Hajdu & G. Muricy (Eds.). Po
  • Díaz, M.C., S.A. Pomponi y R.W.M. van Soest. 1993. A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: description of valid species. Scientia Marina 57(4): 286-306.
  • Duchassaing De Fonbressin, P. 1850. Animaux radiaires des Antilles. Plon Frčres, Paris, 35 pp.
  • Duchassaing de Fonbressin, P. and G. Michelotti. 1864. Spongiaires de la mer Caraďbe. Natkd. Verh, holl. Maatsch. Wetensch. Haarlem (ser. 2) 21 (3), 124 pp.
  • Esper, C.J.C. 1794. Die Pflanzenthiere in abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen. Zweite Theil. Raspe, Nürnberg, 303 pp. (sponges: 165-282, 289-294; pls. 1-7, 7a, 7b, 8, 9, 9a, 10-21, 21a, 22, 23a, 24-48, 48a, 49).
  • Esteves, E.L., F.C. Moraes, G. Muricy and F.D. Amaral. 2002. Duas novas ocorręncias da ordem Hadromerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) para o Arquipélago de Săo Pedro e Săo Paulo, Brasil. Bol. Mus. Nac., N.S., Zool., Rio de Janeiro 488: 1-12.
  • Gammill, E.R. 1997. Identification of coral reef sponges. Providence Marine Publishing, Inc., Tampa, xii + 117 pp.
  • George, D. and J. George. 1979. Marine Life. An ilustrated encyclopedia of invertebrates in the sea. Harrap & Co., Ltd., London, 228 pp. (Porifera: 1-18, figs. 2-3, pls. 1-9).
  • George, W.C. and H.V. Wilson. 1919. Sponges of Beaufort (N.C.) Harbor and vicinity. Bull. Bur. Fish. 36 (876): 130-179.
  • Gómez, P. 2002. Esponjas marinas del Golfo de México y el Caribe. AGT Editor, S.A., México D.F., 134 pp.
  • Gómez-López, P. and G. Green. 1984. Sistemática de las esponjas marinas de Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México. An. Inst. Cienc. Del Mar y Limnol. Univ. Nal. Autón. México 11(1): 65-90.
  • Gotera, G.G. and P.M. Alcolado. 1987. Nueva especie del género Agelas (Porifera) colectada en Cuba. Poeyana 342, 4 pp.
  • Green, G. 1977a. Sinopsis taxonómica de trece especies de esponjas del arrecife La Blanquilla, Veracruz, México. An. Centro Cienc. Mar Limnol., UNAM 4(1): 79-98.
  • Green, G., L.E. Fuentes Velázquez and P. Gómez López. 1986. Nuevos registros de Porifera del arrecife de La Blanquilla, Veracruz, México. An. Inst. Cienc. Del Mar y Limnol. Univ. Nal. Auton. México 13(3): 127-146.
  • Haeckel E. 1872. Die Kalkschwämme, eine Monographie, Vols. 1-3. Reimer, Berlin.
  • Hajdu, E. and K. Rützler. 1998. Sponges, genus Mycale (Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera), from a Caribbean mangrove and comments on subgeneric classification. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 111(4): 737-773.
  • Hajdu, E. and R. Desqueyroux-Faúndez. 1994. A synopsis of South American Mycale (Mycale)(Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) with description of three new species and a cladistic analysis of Mycalidae. Rev. Suisse Zool. 101(3): 563-600.
  • Hajdu, E. and R.W.M. van Soest. 1992. A revison of Atlantic Asteropus Sollas, 1888 (Demospongiae), including a description of three new species, with a review of the family Coppatiidae Topsent, 1898. Bijd. Dierk. 62(1): 3-19.
  • Hajdu, E., S. Zea, M. Kielman and S. Peixinho. 1995. Mycale escarlatei n.sp. and Mycale unguifera n.sp. (Demospongiae) from the Tropical-western Atlantic. Beaufortia 45(1): 1-16.
  • Hartman, W.D. 1955. A collection of sponges from the west coast of the Yucatan Penninsula with descriptions of two new species. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 5(3): 161-189.
  • Hartman, W.D. 1967. Revision of Neofibularia (Porifera, Demospongiae), a genus of toxic sponges from the West Indies and Australia. Postilla 113, 41 pp.
  • Hartman, W.D. 1979. A new sclerosponge from The Bahamas and its relationship to Mesozoic stromatorporoids. Colloques Intennationaux du C.N.R.S. 291 - Biologie des Spongiaires: 467-474
  • Hartman, W.D. and T.F. Goreau. 1972. Ceratoporella (Porifera: Sclerospongiae) and the chaetetid "corals". Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 44: 1333-148.
  • Hartman, W.D., 1969. New genera and species of coralline sponges (Porifera) from Jamaica. Postilla 137, 39 pp.
  • Hechtel, G.J. 1965. A systematic study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica. Bull. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. 20, vi + 103 pp.
  • Hechtel, G.J. 1969. New species and records of shallow water Demospongiae from Barbados, West Indies. Postilla 132, 38 pp.
  • Hechtel, G.J. 1983. Nes species of marine Demospongiae from Brazil. Iheringia, Ser. Zool., Porto Alegre 63: 59-89.
  • Hickson, S.J. 1911. On Ceratopora, the type of a new family of Alcyonaria. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. (b) 84: 195-200.
  • Higgin, T. 1875. On a new sponge of the genus Luffaria from Yucatan, in the Liverpool Free Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 4)(27) 16: 223-227, pl. 6.
  • Higgin, T. 1877. Description of some sponges obtained during a cruise of the steam-yatch 'Argo' in the Caribbean and neighbouring seas. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 4)(24) 19: 291-299, pl. 14.
  • Hofman, C.C. and M. Kielman. 1992. The excavating sponges of the Santa Marta area, Colombia, with description of a new species. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 61(4): 205-217.
  • Hooper, J.N.a. 1996. Revision of Microcionidae (Porifera: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species. Mem. Qld. Mus. 40: 1-626.
  • Hooper, J.N.A. and R.W.M. van Soest (Eds.) 2002. Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges, vol. 1. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers, New York, 1101 + xlviii pp.
  • Hooper, J.N.A., H. Lehnert and S. Zea. 1999. Revision of Aulospongus Norman and review of Raspailiidae with rhabdostyles (Porifera: Demospongiae). Mem. Qld. Mus. 43(2): 649-708.
  • Hyatt, A. 1875. Revision of the North American Poriferae; with Remarks upon Foreign Species. Part I. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 2: 399-408, pl. XIII.
  • Johnson, M.F. 1971. Some marine sponges of northeast Brasil. Arq. Cięn. Mar. 11(2): 103-116.
  • Kaminskaya, L.D. 1971. [Sponges of the high sublittoral of the northeasthern part of the Cuban shelf](original in Russian). Issledovania Centralno Americanskj Morei 3: 112-121.
  • Kaplan, E.H. 1982. A field guide to coral reef of the Caribbean and Florida. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 289 pp. (Sponges, chapt. 7, 121-133; V.P. Vicente, common species: 127-133, pls. 2, 19-21.)
  • Kirkpatrick, R. 1908. On Two new Genera of Recent Pharetronid Sponges. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 8 2(12): 503-514.
  • Klautau, M. and C. Valentine. 2003. Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 139: 1-62.
  • Kobluk, D.R. and R.W.M. van Soest. 1989. Cavity-dwelling sponges in a southern Caribbean coral reef and their paleontological implications. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44(3): 1207-1235.
  • Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M., C. de. 1813-14. Sur les polipiers empâtés. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 20: 294-314, 370-386, 432-458.
  • Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M., C. de. 1814-15. Suite des polipiers empâtés. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 69-80, 162-168, 331-340.
  • Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M., C. de. 1816. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertébres. Verdiére, Paris, vol. 2, 568 pp.; vol. 3, 596 pp.
  • Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1934. New sponges from the Puerto Rican deep. Smithson. Misc. Coll. 91 (17), 28 pp.
  • Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1936a. A discussion of the sponge fauna of Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 467, 225 pp.
  • Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1936b. A comparison of the shallow-water sponges near the Pacific end of the Panama canal with those of the Caribbean end. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 83 (2993): 441-446.
  • Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1948. The order Keratosa of the phylum Porifera. A monographic study. Occ. Pap. Allan Hancock Found. 3, 217 pp.
  • Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1949. Sponges of the Western Bahamas. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1431, 25 pp.
  • Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1950. The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago. Trans. Zool. Soc. London 27(1)(20): 154 pp.
  • Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1953a. Sponges from the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 2(3): 511-577.
  • Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1953b. A guide to the sponges of Eastern North America. Spec. Publ. Mar. Lab. University of Miami Press, Miami, 32 pp.
  • Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1958. The taxonomy of American commercial sponges. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 8(2): 99-117.
  • Laufenfels, M.W. de. 1939, Sponges collected on the Presidential Cruise of 1938. Smithson. Misc. Collect. 98 (15), 7 pp.
  • Lehnert, H. 1993. Die Schwämme von Cozumel (Mexiko). Bestandsaufnahme, kritischer Vergleich taxonomischer Merkmale und Beschreibung einer neuen Art. Acta Biol. Benrodis 5: 35-127.
  • Lehnert, H. 1998. Thrombus jancai new species (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida) from shallow water off Jamaica. Bull. Mar. Sci. 62(1): 181-187.
  • Lehnert, H. and R.W.M. van Soest. 1996. North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia 46(4): 53-81.
  • Lehnert, H. and R.W.M. van Soest. 1998. Shallow water sponges of Jamaica. Beaufortia 48(5): 71-103.
  • Lehnert, H. and R.W.M. van Soest. 1999. More North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia 49(12): 141-169.
  • Lehnert, H. and W. Heimler. 2001. Description of the north Jamaican Timea micraster n. sp. (Porifera: Demospongiae: Hadromeria: Timeidae). Beaufortia 51(12): 213-220.
  • Leitâo, A.M., A. F. Pego and W.M. Lopes. Poriferos asinalados no Brasil. Avulso Cent. Estud. Zool. Univ. Brasil 10, 29 pp.
  • Little Jr., F.J. 1963. The sponge fauna of St. George's Sound, Apalachee Bay, and Panama City regions of the Florida Gulf Coast. Tulane Stud. Zool. 11(2): 31-71.
  • Loaiza Coronado, B. 1991. Estudio taxonómico de las esponjas del Parque Nacional Cahuita, Sector Puerto Vargas e Isla Uvita, Limón, Costa Rica. Brenesia 36: 21-62.
  • Loh, T-L., S López-Legentil, B. Song, J.R. Pawlik. 2010. Growth and color morphs of Mycale laevis (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida): Cryptic species or predator-mediated morphological variation? ms. in prep.
  • López-Legentil, S., P.M. Erwin, T.P. Henkel, T.-L. Loh and J.R. Pawlik. 2010. Phenotypic plasticity in the Caribbean sponge Callyspongia vaginalis (Porifera: Haplosclerida). Sci. Mar. 74(3): 445-453.
  • Maldonado, M. and C.M. Young. 1998. Reevaluation of stalked aplysinid sponges with description of a new species from the upper Bahamian slope. Bull. Mar. Sci. 63(2): 417-426.
  • Maynard, C.J. 1894. Studies of North American sponges. Contr. Sci. 2: 47-92.
  • Moraes, F.C. & G. Muricy. 2003. Taxonomy of Plakortis and Plakinastrella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from oceanic islands of north-eastern Brazil, with description of three new species. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 83: 385-397.
  • Mothes, B. and M. Campos. Biemna trisigmata sp. n., a new sponge from the North coast of Brazil (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida). Zootaxa 639: 1-7.
  • Mothes, B. and M.C.K. de A. Bastian. 1993. Esponjas do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil (Porifera, Demospongiae). Iheringia, Sér. Zool., Porto Alegre (75): 15-31.
  • Mothes, B., E. Hajdu and R.W.M. van Soest. 2000. Tedania brasiliensis new species (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Tedaniidae) from Brazil, with some remarks about the genus Tedania in the tropical southwestern Atlantic. Bull. Mar. Sci. 66(1): 1-11.
  • Mothes, B., M. Campos, C. Lerner, J.L. Carraro and F.J. Parra-Velandia. 2007. New recordes of the genus Agelas Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (Porifera, Agelasida) off the Amazon River mouth, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic. Biota Neotropica 7(3): 1-8.
  • Mothes, B., M. Campos, C. Lerner, J.L. Carraro and R.W.M. van Soest. 2005. A new species of Biemna Gray, 1867 (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the north coast of Brazil. Zootaxa 1087: 39-44.
  • Mothes, B., M. Campos, C. Lerner, M.M. Ferreira-Correia. 2004. Esponjas (Demospongiae, Halichondrida) da costa do Maranhăo, Brasil. Iheringia, Sér. Zool., Porto Alegre 94(2): 149-154.
  • Muricy, G. and E. Hajdu. 2006. Porifera Brasilis. Guia de intentifiçăo das esponjas marinhas mais comuns do Sudeste do Brasil. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 104 pp.
  • Muricy, G. and J.V. Minervino. 2000. A new species of Gastrophanella from central western Atlantic, with a discussion of the family Siphoniidae (Demospongiae, Lithistida). J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 80: 599-605.
  • Muricy, G. and S.M. Ribeiro. 1999. Shallow-water Haplosclerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil (Southwestern Atlantic). Beaufortia 49(9): 83-108.
  • Muricy, G., E. Hajdu, J.V. Minervino, A.V. Madeira and S. Peixinho. 2001. Systematic revision of the genus Petromica Topsent (Demospongiae: Halichondrida), with a new species from the southwestern Atlantic. Hydrobiol. 443: 103-128.
  • Muricy, G., E.L. Esteves, F. Moraes, J.P. Santos, S.M. da Silva, M. Klautau and E. Lanna. 2008. Biodiversidade marinha da Bacia Portiguar. Porifera. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 156 pp.
  • Pallas, P.S. 1766. Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generun adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis. P. van Clef, The Hague, 451 pp.
  • Pang, R.K. 1973. The systematics of some Jamaican excavating sponges (Porifera). Postilla 161, 75 pp.
  • Pinheiro, U. dos S. and E. Hajdu. 2001. Shallow-water Aplysina Nardo (Aplysina, Verongida, Demospongiae) from the Săo Sebastiăo Channel and its environs (Tropical southwestern Atlantic), with the description of a new species and a literature review of oth
  • Pinheiro, U. dos S., E. Hajdu and M.R. Custodio. 2007. Aplysina Nardo (Porifera, Verongida, Aplysinidae) from the Brazilian coast with description of eight new species. Zootaxa 1609: 1-51.
  • Pinheiro, U.S., R.G.S. Berlinck and E. Hajdu. 2005. Shallow-waater Niphatidae (Haplosclerina, Haplosclerida, Demospongiae) from the Săo Sebastiăo Channel and its environs (tropical southwestern Atlantic), with description of a new species. Contr. Zool. 74
  • Priest, B.W. 1881. On an undescribed species of sponge of the genus Polymastia, from Honduras. J. Quekett Micr. Club 6: 302-304.
  • Pulitzer-Finali, G. 1986. A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In Appendix, a list fo the Demospongieae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Estratto dagli Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 86: 65-216.
  • Ribeiro, S.M. and G. Muricy. 2004. Four new sympatric species of Tethya (Demospongiae: Hadromerida) from Abrolhos Archipelago (Bahía State, Brazil). Zootaxa 557: 1-16.
  • Ridley, S.O. and A. Dendy. 1886. Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H.M.S. 'Challenger.' Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 18 (ser. 5) (34): 325-351; (44): 470-493.
  • Ridley, S.O. and A. Dendy. 1887. Report on the Monaxonida collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. In: Report on the scientific results of the voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876, Zoology 20 (59), 275 pp.
  • Rützler, K. 1971. Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biological Survey of Dominica: Burrowing sponges, genus Siphonodictyon Bergquist, from the Caribbean. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 77, 37 pp.
  • Rützler, K. 1974. The burrowing sponges of Bermuda. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 165, 32 pp.
  • Rützler, K. 1981. An unusual bluegreen alga symbiotic with two new species of Ulosa (Porifera: Hymeniacidonidae) from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. P.S.Z.N.I: Mar. Ecol. 2(1): 35-50.
  • Rützler, K. 1986. Phylum Porifera (Sponges). In: Sterrer, W. (ed.). Marine fauna and flora of Bermuda. John Wiley & sons, Inc., Nueva York: 111-128.
  • Rützler, K. and K.P. Smith. 1992. Guide to Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 105(1): 148-164.
  • Rützler, K. and K.P. Smith. 1993. The genus Terpios (Suberitidae) and new species in the “Lobiceps” complex. Sci. Mar. 57(4): 381-393.
  • Rützler, K., C. Piantoni and M.C. Díaz. 2007. Lissodendoryx: rediscovered type and new tropical western Atlantic species (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Coelosphaeridae). J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 87: 1491-1510.
  • Rützler, K., M. Maldonado, C. Piantoni and A. Riesgo. 2007. Iotrochota revisited: a new sponge and review of species from the western tropical Atlantic (Poecilosclerida: Iotrochotidae). Inv. Syst. 21: 173-185.
  • Rützler, K., S. Duran and C. Piantoni. 2007. Adaptation of reef and mangrove sponges to stress: evidence for ecological speciation exemplified by Chondrilla caribensis new species (Demospongiae, Chondrosida). Mar. Ecol. 28 (Suppl. 1): 95-111.
  • Rützler, K., Soest, R.W.M. van & C. Piantoni. 2009. Sponges (Porifera) of the Gulf of Mexico. Pp. 285-313 In: Felder, D.L. & D.K. Camp (eds.) Gulf of Mexico origin, waters and biota. Texas A&M University Press, College Station.
  • Sarŕ, M. and G. Bavastrello. 1996. West Indies Genera Columnitis, Tetcitethya and Nucleotethya new genus with description of new species (Porifera, Tethyidae). Bull. Mar. Sci. 59(2): 370-392.
  • Schmidt, O. 1870. Grunzüge einer Spongien-Fauna des Atlanthischen Gebietes. Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp.
  • Schmidt, O. 1880. Die Spongien des Meerbusen von México (un des Caraibischen Meeres). Zweited (Schluss-) Heft. Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena: 33-90, pls. 5-10.
  • Soest, R.M.W. van and H. Lehnert. 1997. The genus Julavis de Laubenfels (Porifera: Halichondrida). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 110(4): 502-510.
  • Soest, R.M.W. van. 2009. New sciophilous sponges from the Caribbean (Porifera: Demospongiae). Zootaxa 2107: 1-40.
  • Soest, R.W.M van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Vacelet, J. Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M. (Eds) (2009). World Porifera database. Accessed thr
  • Soest, R.W.M. van and D.B. Sass. 1981. Amsterdam expeditions to the West Indian Islands, report 13. Marine sponges from an island cave on Salvador Island, Bahamas. Bijd. Dierk. 51 (2): 332-334.
  • Soest, R.W.M. van and N. Stentoft. 1988. Barbados deep-water sponges. Stud. Fauna Curacao Caribb. Isl. 70(215), 175 pp.
  • Soest, R.W.M. van and S. Zea. 1986. A new sublithistid sponge, Monanthus ciocalyptoides n.sp. (Porifera, Halichondrida), from the West Indian region. Bull. Zool. Mus. Univ. Amsterdam 10(24): 201-205.
  • Soest, R.W.M. van and W.H. de Weerdt. 2001. New records of Xestospongia species (Haplosclerida: Petrosiidae) from Curaçao reefs, with a description of a new species. Beaufortia 51(7): 109-117,
  • Soest, R.W.M. van, Beglinger, E.J. & N.J. De Voogd. 2010. Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-)calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida). Zookeys 68: 1-88.
  • Soest, R.W.M. van, S. Zea and M. Kielman. 1994. New species of Zyzzya, Cornulella, Damiria, and Acheliderma (Porifera: Poecilosclerida), with a review of fistular genera of Iophonidae. Bijd. Dierk. 64(3): 163-192.
  • Soest, R.W.M. van, S.M. Stone, N. Boury-Esnault and K. Rützler. 1983. Catalogue of the Duchassaing & Michelotti (1864) collection of West Indian sponges (Porifera). Bull. Zool. Mus. Univ. Amsterdam 9 (21): 189-205.
  • Soest, R.W.M. van. 1978. Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part I. Keratosa. Stud. Fauna Curacao Caribb. Isl. 56(179), 94 pp.
  • Soest, R.W.M. van. 1980. Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. Stud. Fauna Curacao Caribb. Isl. 62(191), 173 pp.
  • Soest, R.W.M. van. 1984a. Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part III. Poecilosclerida. Stud. Fauna Curacao Caribb. Isl. 66(199), 167 pp.
  • Soest, R.W.M. van. 1984b. Deficient Merlia normani Kirkpatrick, 1908, from the Curaçao reefs, with a discussion on the phylogenetic interpretation of sclerosponges. Bijd. Dierk. 54(2): 211-219
  • Solé-Cava, A.M., A. Kelecom and G.J. Kannengieser. 1981. Study of some sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the infralitoral of Guarapari, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Iheringia, Sér. Zool., Porto Alegre 60: 125-150.
  • Sollas, W.J. 1879. On Pharetronema zingiberis, a new genus and species of Renierid sponge. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 3(5): 405-407.
  • Sollas, W.J. 1886. Preliminary account of the tetractinellid sponges dredged by H.N.S. Challenger, 1872-1876. Part. I. The Choristida. Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. (new ser.) 5: 177-199.
  • Sollas, W.J. 1888. Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H.M.S. Challenger, during the years 1873-1876. In: Report on the scientific results of the voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876, Zoology 25 (63), 458 pp.
  • Topsent, E. 1832. Éponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Deuxiéme partie. Arch. Mus. nation. Hist. nat., Paris (ser. 6) 8: 61-124.
  • Topsent, E. 1833. Éponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Fin. Arch. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., Paris (ser. 6) 10: 1-60.
  • Topsent, E. 1889. Quelques spongiaires du Banc de Campęche et de la Pointe-a-Pître. Mem. Soc. Zool. France 2: 30-56.
  • Uliczka, E. 1929. Die tetraxonen Schwämmę Wedtindies (auf Grnd der Erbegnisse der Reise Kükenthal-Hartmeyer). In: Kükenthal, W. and R. Hartmeyer. Ergbenise Einer zoologischen Forschungreise nach Westindien. Zool. Jb. Suppl. 16: 35-62.
  • Vacelet, J. 1979. Une éponge Tétractinellide nouvelle des grottes sous-marines de la Jamaďque, associée ŕ des membrantese étrangčres. Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris, 4e sér., 1, section a, 1: 33-39.
  • Vacelet, J. 1990. Les spongiaires. Pp. 16-33 in: Bouchon, C. (Ed.). Le Grande Encyclopédie de la Caraďbe. Vol. 5, Le Monde Marin. Sanoli Editions, 207 pp.
  • Vacelet, J. and C. Donadey. 1987. A new species of Halisarca (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Caribbean, with remarks on the cytology and affinities of the genus. In: Jones, W.C. (ed.). European contributions to the taxonomy of sponges. Publ. Sherkin Isl
  • Verrill, A.E. 1907. The Bermuda Island. Part IV. Geology and Paleontology, and Part V. An account of the coral reefs. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 12: 45-438. (Porifera: 330-344, figs. 176-181, pl. 35c-d.)
  • Vicente, V.P., K. Rützler and N.M. Carballeira. 1991. Comparativa morphology, ecology, and fatty acid composition of West Indian Spheciospongia (Demospongae). P.S.Z.N.I: Mar. Ecol. 12(3): 211-226.
  • Vilanova, E. and G. Muricy. 2001. Taxonomy and distribution of the sponge genus Dysidea Johnston, 1842 (Demospongiae, Dendroceratida) in the extractive reserve of Arraial do Cabo, SE Brazil (SW Atlantic). Bol. Mus. Nac. N.S., Zool., Rio de Janeiro 453, 16
  • Weerdt, W.H. de, K. Rützler and K.P. Smith. 1991. The Chalinidae (Porifera)of Twin Cays, Belize, and adjacent waters. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 104(1): 189-205.
  • Weerdt, W.H. de, M.J. de Kluijver and R. Gómez. 1999. Haliclona (Halichoclona) vansoesti n. sp., a new Chalinid sponge species (Porifera, Demospongiae, Haplosclerida), from the Caribbean. Beaufortia 49(6): 47-54.
  • Weerdt, W.H. de. 2000. A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia 50(1), 65 pp.
  • Whitfield, R.P. 1901. Notice of a new sponge from Bermuda and some others forms from the Bahamas. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 14: 47-50.
  • Wiedenmayer, F. 1977. Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel and Stuttgart, 278 pp.
  • Wilson, H.V. 1902. The sponge collected in Porto Rico in 1889 by the U.S. Fish Commision steamer Fish Hawk. Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm. 2 for 1900: 375-411.
  • Wintermann-Kilian, G. and E.F. Kilian. 1983. Marine sponges of the region of Santa Marta (Colombia). Part I. Dictyoceratida and Verongida. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 18: 1-17.
  • Wintermann-Kilian, G. and E.F. Kilian. 1984. Marine sponges of the region of Santa Marta (Colombia). Part II. Homosclerophorida, Choristida, Spirophorida, Hadromerida, Axinellida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environmen
  • Wulff, J. 1996. Do the same sponge species live on both the Caribbean and Eastern Pacific sides of the Isthmus of Panama? Bull. Inst. Royal Sci. Nat. Belgique, Biologie 66: 165-173.
  • Wulff, J. 2006. Sponge systematics by starfish: predators distinguish cryptic sympatric species of Caribbean fire sponges, Tedania ignis and Tedania klausi n. sp. (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida). Biol. Bull. 211: 83-94.
  • Zea, S. 1987. Esponjas del Caribe colombiano. Editorial Catálogo Científico, Bogotá, 286 pp.
  • Zea, S. and K. Rützler. 1983. A new species of Xestospongia (Porifera: Demospongea) from the Colombian Caribbean. Caldasia 13(65): 817-831.
  • Zea, S. and R.W.M. van Soest. 1986. Three new species of sponges from the Colombian Caribbean. Bull. Mar. Sci. 38(2): 355-365.
  • Zea, S. and W.H. De Weerdt. 1999. Haliclona (Haliclona) epiphytica n. sp. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Haplosclerida), a seaweed-dwelling sponge from the Colombian Caribbean. Beaufortia 49(13): 171-176.
  • Zea, S. y E. Weil. 2003. Taxonomy of the Caribbean excavating sponge species complex Cliona caribbaea-C. aprica-C. langae (Porifera, Hadromerida, Clionaidae). Caribb. J. Sci. 39(3): 348-370.
Enter Genus and/or species name: