Taxanomic References:
References are provided for each species in the Sponge Guide. Below is a list of the references used:
- Alcolado, P.M. (2002) Catálogo de las esponjas de Cuba. Avicennia, 15, 53–72.
- Alcolado, P.M. 1976. Lista de nuevos registros de poríferos para Cuba. Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Instituto de Oceanología, Serie Oceanológica 36, 11 pp.
- Alcolado, P.M. 1979. Nueva especie de porífero (género Strongylophora) encontrada en Cuba. Poeyana 196, 5 pp.
- Alcolado, P.M. 1980. Esponjas de Cuba: nuevos registros. Poeyana 197, 10 pp.
- Alcolado, P.M. 1981. Guía para la identificación de algunos poriferos cubanos (Clase Demospongiae). Acad. Cienc. Cuba, Inst. Oceanol., Inf. Cient.-Tecn. 184, 42 pp.
- Alcolado, P.M. 1984. Nuevas especies de esponjas encontradas en Cuba. Poeyana 271, 22 pp.
- Alcolado, P.M. and G.G. Gotera. 1986. Nuevas adiciones a la fauna de poríferos de Cuba. Poeyana 331, 19 pp.
- Alvarez, B. & J.N.A. Hooper. 2002. Family Axinellidae Carter, 1875. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & R.W.M. van Soest (Eds.). Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 742–747.
- Alvarez, B. & M.C. Díaz. 1985. Las esponjas de un arrecife coralino en el Parque Nacional Archipiélago Los Roques: taxonomía y ecología. B.Sc. Thesis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 216 pp.
- Alvarez, B., Hooper, J.N.A & Van Soest, R.W.M. 2008. Pipestela, a new genus of Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Halichondrida) and description of three new species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 52(2): 105–118.
- Alvarez, B., M.D. Crisp, F. Driver, J.N.A. Hooper & R.W.M. Van Soest. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) using morphological and molecular data. Zoologica Scripta 29: 169-198.
- Alvarez, B., R.W.M. van Soest & K. Rützler. 1998. A revision of Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) of the Central-West Atlantic region. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 598, 47 pp.
- Alvarez, B., R.W.M. van Soest & K. Rützler. 2002. Svenzea, a new genus of Dictyonellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) from tropical reef environments, with description of two new species. Contr. Zool. 71(4): 171-176.
- Arndt. W. 1927. Kalk und Keeselchwämme von Curaçao. Bijd. Dierk. 25: 133-158.
- Assmann, M., R.W.M. van Soest & M. Köck. 2001. Description of Agelas cerebrum, a new species and re-descripton of Agelas dilatata (Porifera). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 114(2): 359-366.
- Azevedo, F. & M. Klautau. 2007. Calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 1402: 1-22.
- Barros, L.V. de, G.G. Santos & U. Pinheiro. 2013. Clathria (Clathria) Schmidt, 1862 from Brazil with description of a new species and a review of records (Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera). Zootaxa 3640 (2): 284-295.
- Bispo, A., M.D. Correia & E. Hajdu. 2014. Two new shallow-water species of Haliclona from north-eastern Brazil (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida: Chalinidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, doi:10.1017/S0025315414000344: 1-13.
- Boury-Esnault, N. 1973. Campagne de la "Calypso" au large des côtes Atlantiques de L'Amerique du Sud (1961-1962). I. Spongiaires. Résultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la "Calypso" 10(29). 263-295.
- Boury-Esnault, N., M. Klautau, C. Bézac, J. Wulff & A.M. Solé-Cava. 1999. Comparative study of putative conspecific sponge populations from both sides of the Isthmus of Panama. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K: 79: 39-50.
- Burton, M. 1954. Sponges. In: The "Rosaura" expedition, pt. 5. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. 2, 6: 215-239.
- Cardenas, P., C. Menegola, H.T. Rapp & M.C. Díaz. 2009. Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 2276: 1-39.
- Cardenas, P., H.T. Rapp, C. Schander & O.S. Tendal. 2010. Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of the Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida) combining phylogenetic and Linnaean classification. Zoologica Scripta 39: 89–106.
- Cardenas, P., J.R. Xavier, J. Reveillaud, C. Schander & H.T. Rapp. 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiaep) reveals an unexpected high level of spicule homoplasy. PLoS ONE 6 (4), e18318: 1-18.
- Carter, H.J. 1870. On two new Species of Subspherous Sponges, with Observations. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 6(32):176-182, pl. XIII
- Carter, H.J. 1876. Descriptions and Figures of Deep-Sea Sponges and their Spicules, from the Atlantic Ocean, dredged up on board H.M.S.‘Porcupine’, chiefly in 1869 (concluded). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 18(105): 226-240; (106): 307-324; (107): 388-410;(108): 458-479, pls XII-XVI.
- Carter, H.J. 1879. Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 3 (ser. 5) (33): 284-304, pls. 28-29.
- Carter, H.J. 1882. Some sponges from the West Indies and Acapulco in the Liverpool Free Museum, with general and classificatory remarks. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 9 (ser. 5) (29): 266-301, (36) 346-368, pls. 11 and 12.
- Carter, H.J. 1884. Catalogue of marine sponges, collected by Mr. Jos. Willcox on the West coast of Florida. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.: 202-210.
- Carter. H.J. 1883. Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12 (ser. 5): 308-329, pls. 11-14.
- Carter. H.J. 1885. Catalogue of marine sponge collected by Mr. Jos. Willcox on the west coast of Florida. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., for 1884: 202-209.
- Carvalho, M. de S. & E. Hajdu. 2001. Comments on Brazilian Halichondria Fleming (Halichondriidae, Halichondrida, Demospongiae), with the description of four new species from the São Sebastião Channel and its environments (Tropical southwestern Atlantic). Revta bras. Zool. 18 (Supl. 1): 161 -180.
- Carvalho, M. de S., E. Hajdu, B. Mothes & R.W.M. van Soest. 2004. Amorphinopsis (Halichondrida: Demospongiae) from the Atlantic Ocean, with description of a new species. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 84: 925-930.
- Carvalho, M. de S., S.M. da Silva & U. Pinheiro. 2013. Two new species of Aaptos (Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from Brazil (western Atlantic). Zootaxa 3750 (4): 357-366.
- Colin, P.L. 1878. Caribbean reef invertebrates and plants. TFH publications, Inc., Ltd., Neptune City, 512 pp.
- Crozier, B.B. 1918. Bermudan species of Donati (Tethya). Contr. Bermuda Biol. Stat. Res. 77: 11-18.
- Dendy, A. 1890. Observations of the West-Indian Chalinine sponges, with descriptions of new species. Trans. Zool. Soc. London 12 (10) (1) (14): 349-368, pls. 58-63 (=1887 Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 503-507)
- Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. & C. Valentine. 2002. Family Petrosiidae Van Soest, 1980. n: Hooper, J.N.A. & R.W.M. van Soest (Eds.). Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 906-917.
- Diaz, C.M. 2007. Poriferos de la plataforma continental (10- 50 m de profundidad) del Departamento de la Guajira, Caribe colombiano. B.Sc. Degree Work, Marine Biology, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Bogotá, 106 pp.
- Diaz, C.M. y S. Zea. 2014. First record of the Indo-Pacific sponge genus Rhaphidhistia (Demospongiae, Hadromerida, Trachycladidae) from the Caribbean Sea, with description of a new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94 (02): 255-259.
- Diaz, H., M. Bevilacqua & D. Boné. 1985. Esponjas en manglares del Parque Nacional Morrocoy. Fondo Editorial Acta Científica Venezolana, Caracas, 62 pp.
- Diaz, M.C., R.W. Thacker, N.E. Redmond, K.O. Matterson & A.G. Collins. 2013. Phylogenetic novelties and geographic anomalies among tropical Verongida. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 1-13. doi:10.1093/icb/ict033.
- Diaz, M.C., B. Alvarez & R.W.M. van Soest. 1987. New species of Demospongiae (Porifera) from the National Park "Archipiélago de Los Roques", Venezuela. Bijd. Dierk. 57(1): 31-41.
- Diaz, M.C., R.W. Thacker, K. Rützler & C. Piantoni. 2007. Two new haplosclerid sponges from Caribbean Panama with symbiotic filamentous cyanobacteria, and an overview of sponge-cyanobacteria associations. In: Hajdu, G. Lôbo-Hajdu & G. Muricy (Eds.). Porifera Research - Biodiversity, Innovation, Sustainability. Proceedings of the 7th International Sponge Symposium, Río de Janeiro: 31-39.
- Diaz, M.C., S.A. Pomponi & R.W.M. van Soest. 1993. A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: description of valid species. Scientia Marina 57(4): 286-306.
- Domingos, C., F. Moraes & G. Muricy. 2013. Four new species of Plakinidae (Porifera: Homoscleromorpha) from Brazil. Zootaxa 3718 (6): 530-544.
- Duchassaing de Fonbressin, P. & G. Michelotti. 1864. Spongiaires de la mer Caraïbe. Natkd. Verh, holl. Maatsch. Wetensch. Haarlem (ser. 2) 21 (3), 124 pp.
- Duchassaing de Fonbressin, P. 1850. Animaux radiaires des Antilles. Plon Frères, Paris, 35 pp.
- Duckworth, A.R., Samples, G.A., Wright, A.E. & S.A. Pomponi. 2003. In vitro culture of the tropical sponge Axinella corrugata (Demospongiae): effect of food cell concentration on growth, clearance rate and biosynthesis of stevensine. Marine Biotechnology 5: 519-527.
- Ereskovsky, A.V., D.V. Lavrov & P. Willenz. 2014. Five new species of Homoscleromorpha (Porifera) from the Caribbean Sea and re-description of Plakina jamaicensis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94: 285-307.
- Esper, C.J.C. 1794. Die Pflanzenthiere in abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen. Zweite Theil. Raspe, Nürnberg, 303 pp. (sponges: 165-282, 289-294; pls. 1-7, 7a, 7b, 8, 9, 9a, 10-21, 21a, 22, 23a, 24-48, 48a, 49).
- Esteves, E.L., F.C. Moraes, G. Muricy & F.D. Amaral. 2002. Duas novas ocorrências da ordem Hadromerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) para o Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, Brasil. Bol. Mus. Nac., N.S., Zool., Rio de Janeiro 488: 1-12.
- Gammill, E.R. 1997. Identification of coral reef sponges. Providence Marine Publishing, Inc., Tampa, xii + 117 pp.
- Gazave E., S. Carteron, A. Chenuil, E. Richelle-Maurer, N. Boury-Esnault & C. Borchiellini 2010. Polyphyly of the genus Axinella and of the family Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae. Mol.Phylogenet. Evol. 57: 35–47.
- George, D. & J. George. 1979. Marine Life. An ilustrated encyclopedia of invertebrates in the sea. Harrap & Co., Ltd., London, 228 pp. (Porifera: 1-18, figs. 2-3, pls. 1-9).
- George, W.C. & H.V. Wilson. 1919. Sponges of Beaufort (N.C.) Harbor and vicinity. Bull. Bur. Fish. 36 (876): 130-179.
- Gomez, P. 2002. Esponjas marinas del Golfo de México y el Caribe. AGT Editor, S.A., México D.F., 134 pp.
- Gomez, P. 2014. The genus Clathria from the Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean, with redescription and resurrection of Clathria carteri (Poecilosclerida: Microcionidae). Zootaxa 3790 (1): 051-085.
- Gomez-López, P. & G. Green. 1984. Sistemática de las esponjas marinas de Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México. An. Inst. Cienc. Del Mar y Limnol. Univ. Nal. Autón. México 11(1): 65-90.
- Gotera, G.G. & P.M. Alcolado. 1987. Nueva especie del género Agelas (Porifera) colectada en Cuba. Poeyana 342, 4 pp.
- Green, G. 1977a. Sinopsis taxonómica de trece especies de esponjas del arrecife La Blanquilla, Veracruz, México. An. Centro Cienc. Mar Limnol., UNAM 4(1): 79-98.
- Green, G., L.E. Fuentes Velázquez & P. Gómez López. 1986. Nuevos registros de Porifera del arrecife de La Blanquilla, Veracruz, México. An. Inst. Cienc. Del Mar y Limnol. Univ. Nal. Auton. México 13(3): 127-146.
- Haeckel E. 1872. Die Kalkschwämme, eine Monographie, Vols. 1-3. Reimer, Berlin.
- Hajdu, E. & K. Rützler. 1998. Sponges, genus Mycale (Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera), from a Caribbean mangrove and comments on subgeneric classification. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 111(4): 737-773.
- Hajdu, E. & R. Desqueyroux-Faúndez. 1994. A synopsis of South American Mycale (Mycale)(Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) with description of three new species and a cladistic analysis of Mycalidae. Rev. Suisse Zool. 101(3): 563-600.
- Hajdu, E. & R.W.M. van Soest. 1992. A revison of Atlantic Asteropus Sollas, 1888 (Demospongiae), including a description of three new species, with a review of the family Coppatiidae Topsent, 1898. Bijd. Dierk. 62(1): 3-19.
- Hajdu, E., G. Muricy, M. Custodio, C. Russo & S. Peixinho. 1992. Geodia corticostylifera (Demospongiae, Porifera) new astrophorid sponge from the Brazilian coast (Southwestern Atlantic). Bull. Mar. Sci. 51(2): 204-217.
- Hajdu, E., S. Zea, M. Kielman & S. Peixinho. 1995. Mycale escarlatei n.sp. and Mycale unguifera n.sp. (Demospongiae) from the Tropical-western Atlantic. Beaufortia 45(1): 1-16.
- Hancock, A. 1867. Note on the Excavating Sponges; with Descriptions of four new Species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (3)19(112): 229-242, pls VII-VIII.
- Hartman, W.D. & T.F. Goreau. 1972. Ceratoporella (Porifera: Sclerospongiae) and the chaetetid "corals". Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 44: 1333-148.
- Hartman, W.D. 1955. A collection of sponges from the west coast of the Yucatan Penninsula with descriptions of two new species. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 5(3): 161-189.
- Hartman, W.D. 1967. Revision of Neofibularia (Porifera, Demospongiae), a genus of toxic sponges from the West Indies and Australia. Postilla 113, 41 pp.
- Hartman, W.D. 1979. A new sclerosponge from The Bahamas and its relationship to Mesozoic stromatorporoids. Colloques Intennationaux du C.N.R.S. 291 - Biologie des Spongiaires: 467-474
- Hartman, W.D., 1969. New genera and species of coralline sponges (Porifera) from Jamaica. Postilla 137, 39 pp.
- Hechtel, G.J. 1965. A systematic study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica. Bull. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. 20, vi + 103 pp.
- Hechtel, G.J. 1969. New species and records of shallow water Demospongiae from Barbados, West Indies. Postilla 132, 38 pp.
- Hechtel, G.J. 1983. New species of marine Demospongiae from Brazil. Iheringia, Ser. Zool., Porto Alegre 63: 59-89.
- Hickson, S.J. 1911. On Ceratopora, the type of a new family of Alcyonaria. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. (b) 84: 195-200.
- Higgin, T. 1875. On a new sponge of the genus Luffaria from Yucatan, in the Liverpool Free Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 4)(27) 16: 223-227, pl. 6.
- Higgin, T. 1877. Description of some sponges obtained during a cruise of the steam-yatch 'Argo' in the Caribbean and neighbouring seas. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 4)(24) 19: 291-299, pl. 14.
- Hofman, C.C. & M. Kielman. 1992. The excavating sponges of the Santa Marta area, Colombia, with description of a new species. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 61(4): 205-217.
- Hooper, J.N.A. & R.W.M. van Soest (Eds.) 2002. Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges, vol. 1. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers, New York, 1101 + xlviii pp.
- Hooper, J.N.A. 1996. Revision of Microcionidae (Porifera: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species. Mem. Qld. Mus. 40: 1-626.
- Hooper, J.N.A., H. Lehnert & S. Zea. 1999. Revision of Aulospongus Norman and review of Raspailiidae with rhabdostyles (Porifera: Demospongiae). Mem. Qld. Mus. 43(2): 649-708.
- Hyatt, A. 1875. Revision of the North American Poriferae; with Remarks upon Foreign Species. Part I. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 2: 399-408, pl. XIII.
- Hyatt, A. 1877. Revision of the North American Poriferae; with Remarks upon Foreign Species. Part II. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 2: 481-554, pls XV-XVII.
- Johnson, M.F. 1971. Some marine sponges of northeast Brasil. Arq. Ciên. Mar. 11(2): 103-116.
- Kaminskaya, L.D. 1971. [Sponges of the high sublittoral of the northeasthern part of the Cuban shelf](original in Russian). Issledovania Centralno Americanskj Morei 3: 112-121.
- Kaplan, E.H. 1982. A field guide to coral reef of the Caribbean and Florida. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 289 pp. (Sponges, chapt. 7, 121-133; V.P. Vicente, common species: 127-133, pls. 2, 19-21.)
- Kirkpatrick, R. 1908. On Two new Genera of Recent Pharetronid Sponges. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 8 2(12): 503-514.
- Klautau, M. & C. Valentine. 2003. Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 139: 1-62.
- Klautau,M., F. Azevedo, B. Cóndor-Luján, H.T. Rapp, A. Collins & C.A.M. Russo. A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel’s Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology 53 (3): 447-461.
- Kobluk, D.R. & R.W.M. van Soest. 1989. Cavity-dwelling sponges in a southern Caribbean coral reef and their paleontological implications. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44(3): 1207-1235.
- Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M., C. de. 1813-14. Sur les polipiers empâtés. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 20: 294-314, 370-386, 432-458.
- Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M., C. de. 1814-15. Suite des polipiers empâtés. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 69-80, 162-168, 331-340.
- Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M., C. de. 1816. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertébres. Verdiére, Paris, vol. 2, 568 pp.; vol. 3, 596 pp.
- Lanna, E., A.L. Rossi, F.F. Cavalcanti, E. Hajdu & M. Klautau. 2007. Calcareous sponges from São Paulo state, Brazil (Porifera: Calcarea: Calcinea) with the description of two new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87 (6): 1553-1561.
- Lanna, E., F.F. Cavalcanti, L. Cardoso, G. Muricy & M. Klautau. 2009. Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1934. New sponges from the Puerto Rican deep. Smithson. Misc. Coll. 91 (17), 28 pp.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1936a. A discussion of the sponge fauna of Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 467, 225 pp.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1936b. A comparison of the shallow-water sponges near the Pacific end of the Panama canal with those of the Caribbean end. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 83 (2993): 441-446.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1948. The order Keratosa of the phylum Porifera. A monographic study. Occ. Pap. Allan Hancock Found. 3, 217 pp.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1949. Sponges of the Western Bahamas. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1431, 25 pp.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1950. The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago. Trans. Zool. Soc. London 27(1)(20): 154 pp.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1953a. Sponges from the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 2(3): 511-577.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1953b. A guide to the sponges of Eastern North America. Spec. Publ. Mar. Lab. University of Miami Press, Miami, 32 pp.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1958. The taxonomy of American commercial sponges. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 8(2): 99-117.
- Laufenfels, M.W. de. 1939, Sponges collected on the Presidential Cruise of 1938. Smithson. Misc. Collect. 98 (15), 7 pp.
- Lehnert, H. & R.W.M. van Soest. 1996. North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia 46(4): 53-81.
- Lehnert, H. & R.W.M. van Soest. 1998. Shallow water sponges of Jamaica. Beaufortia 48(5): 71-103.
- Lehnert, H. & R.W.M. van Soest. 1999. More North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia 49(12): 141-169.
- Lehnert, H. & W. Heimler. 2001. Description of the north Jamaican Timea micraster n. sp. (Porifera: Demospongiae: Hadromeria: Timeidae). Beaufortia 51(12): 213-220.
- Lehnert, H. 1993. Die Schwämme von Cozumel (Mexiko). Bestandsaufnahme, kritischer Vergleich taxonomischer Merkmale und Beschreibung einer neuen Art. Acta Biol. Benrodis 5: 35-127.
- Lehnert, H. 1998. Thrombus jancai new species (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida) from shallow water off Jamaica. Bull. Mar. Sci. 62(1): 181-187.
- Leitâo, A.M., A. F. Pego & W.M. Lopes. Poriferos asinalados no Brasil. Avulso Cent. Estud. Zool. Univ. Brasil 10, 29 pp.
- Little Jr., F.J. 1963. The sponge fauna of St. George's Sound, Apalachee Bay, and Panama City regions of the Florida Gulf Coast. Tulane Stud. Zool. 11(2): 31-71.
- Loaiza Coronado, B. 1991. Estudio taxonómico de las esponjas del Parque Nacional Cahuita, Sector Puerto Vargas e Isla Uvita, Limón, Costa Rica. Brenesia 36: 21-62.
- Loh, T.-L., S.López-Legentil, B. Song & J.R. Pawlik. 2010. Phenotypic variability in the Caribbean Orange Icing sponge Mycale laevis (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida). Hydrobiologia 687: 205–217.
- Lopez-Legentil, S., P.M. Erwin, T.P. Henkel, T.-L. Loh & J.R. Pawlik. 2010. Phenotypic plasticity in the Caribbean sponge Callyspongia vaginalis (Porifera: Haplosclerida). Sci. Mar. 74(3): 445-453.
- Maldonado, M. & C.M. Young. 1998. Reevaluation of stalked aplysinid sponges with description of a new species from the upper Bahamian slope. Bull. Mar. Sci. 63(2): 417-426.
- Maynard, C.J. 1894. Studies of North American sponges. Contr. Sci. 2: 47-92.
- Menegola, C., G.J.G. Santos, F. Moraes & G. Muricy. 2011. Three new species of Strongylacidon (Chondropsidae: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae) from north-east Brazil, with new morphological characters for the family. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92(05): 859-867.
- Menegola, C.M. 2002. Revisão das espécies de Geodia Lamarck, 1815 (Porifera, Astrophorida, Geodiidae) do Atlântico Ocidental e Pacífico Oriental. Doctoral Dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, 325 pp., 625 figs.
- Menegola, C.M. J. Fernandez, A. Lage & S. Peixinho. 2010. Two new records of Thrombidae Sollas, 1888 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida) from Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic. Mem. XIII Congr. Lat. Cienc. Mar - COLACMAR, Cuba: 1622-1631.
- Miklucho-Maclay, N. 1868. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Spongien I. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Medicin und Naturwissenschaft 4: 221-240, pls IV-V.
- Montagu, G. 1814. An Essay on Sponges, with Descriptions of all the Species that have been discovered on the Coast of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society 2 (1): 67-122, pls III-XVI.
- Moraes, F.C. & G. Muricy. 2003. Taxonomy of Plakortis and Plakinastrella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from oceanic islands of north-eastern Brazil, with description of three new species. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 83: 385-397.
- Moraes, F.C. de. 2011. Esponjas das ilhas oceânicas Brasileiras. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Série Livros 44, 252 pp.
- Morrow, C.C., B.E. Picton, D. Erpenbeck, N. Boury-Esnault, C.A. Maggs & A.L. Allcock. 2012. Congruence between nuclear and mitochondrial genes in Demospongiae: a new hypothesis for relationships within the G4 clade (Porifera: Demospongiae). Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 62: 174–90.
- Mothes, B. & M. Campos. Biemna trisigmata sp. n., a new sponge from the North coast of Brazil (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida). Zootaxa 639: 1-7.
- Mothes, B. & M.C.K. de A. Bastian. 1993. Esponjas do Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, Brasil (Porifera, Demospongiae). Iheringia, Sér. Zool., Porto Alegre (75): 15-31.
- Mothes, B., E. Hajdu & R.W.M. van Soest. 2000. Tedania brasiliensis new species (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Tedaniidae) from Brazil, with some remarks about the genus Tedania in the tropical southwestern Atlantic. Bull. Mar. Sci. 66(1): 1-11.
- Mothes, B., M. Campos, C. Lerner, & M.M. Ferreira-Correia. 2004. Esponjas (Demospongiae, Halichondrida) da costa do Maranhão, Brasil. Iheringia, Sér. Zool., Porto Alegre 94(2): 149-154.
- Mothes, B., M. Campos, C. Lerner, J.L. Carraro & F.J. Parra-Velandia. 2007. New recordes of the genus Agelas Duchassaing & Michelotti, 1864 (Porifera, Agelasida) off the Amazon River mouth, Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic. Biota Neotropica 7(3): 1-8.
- Mothes, B., M. Campos, C. Lerner, J.L. Carraro & R.W.M. van Soest. 2005. A new species of Biemna Gray, 1867 (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida) from the north coast of Brazil. Zootaxa 1087: 39-44.
- Muricy, G. & E. Hajdu. 2006. Porifera Brasilis. Guia de intentifição das esponjas marinhas mais comuns do Sudeste do Brasil. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 104 pp.
- Muricy, G. & J.V. Minervino. 2000. A new species of Gastrophanella from central western Atlantic, with a discussion of the family Siphoniidae (Demospongiae, Lithistida). J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 80: 599-605.
- Muricy, G. & S.M. Ribeiro. 1999. Shallow-water Haplosclerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) from Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil (Southwestern Atlantic). Beaufortia 49(9): 83-108.
- Muricy, G., D.A. Lopes, E. Hajdu, M. de S. Carvalho, F.C. Moraes, M. Klautau, C. Menegola, C. &U. Pineiro. (2011). Catalogue of Brazilian Porifera. Museu Nacional, Río de Janeiro, Serie Livros 46, 299 pp.
- Muricy, G., E. Hajdu, J.V. Minervino, A.V. Madeira & S. Peixinho. 2001. Systematic revision of the genus Petromica Topsent (Demospongiae: Halichondrida), with a new species from the southwestern Atlantic. Hydrobiol. 443: 103-128.
- Muricy, G., E. Hajdu, J.V. Minervino, A.V. Madeira & S. Peixinho. 2001. Systematic revision of the genus Petromica Topsent (Demospongiae: Halichondrida), with a new species from the southwestern Atlantic. Hydrobiol. 443: 103-128.
- Muricy, G., E.L. Esteves, F. Moraes, J.P. Santos, S.M. da Silva, M. Klautau & E. Lanna. 2008. Biodiversidade marinha da Bacia Portiguar. Porifera. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, 156 pp.
- Nardo, G.D. 1847. Prospetto della fauna marina volgare del Veneto Estuario con cenni sulle principali specie commestibili dell’Adriatico,sulle venete pesche, sulle valli, ecc. Pp. 113-156 (1-45 in reprint). In:Venezia e le sue lagune. (G. Antonelli: Venezia)
- Pallas, P.S. 1766. Elenchus zoophytorum sistens generun adumbrationes generaliores et specierum cognitarum succintas descriptiones cum selectis auctorum synonymis. P. van Clef, The Hague, 451 pp.
- Pang, R.K. 1973. The systematics of some Jamaican excavating sponges (Porifera). Postilla 161, 75 pp.
- Parra-Velandia, F., S. Zea y R.W.M. van Soest. 2014. Reef sponges of the genus Agelas (Porifera: Demospongiae) from the Greater Caribbean. Zootaxa 3794 (3): 301-343.
- Peixinho, S., J. Fernandez, M.V. Oliveira, S. Caíres & E. Hajdu. 2007. Description of two new species of Acanthotetilla Burton, 1959 from NE Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic (Tetillidae, Spirophorida, Demospongiae). In: Custódio M.R., E. Hajdu, G. Lôbo-Hajdu & G. Muricy (Eds.). Porifera Research - Biodiversity, Innovation, Sustainability. Proceedings of the 7th International Sponge Symposium, Río de Janeiro, pp. 247-254.
- Pinheiro, U. dos S. & E. Hajdu. 2001. Shallow-water Aplysina Nardo (Aplysina, Verongida, Demospongiae) from the São Sebastião Channel and its environs (Tropical southwestern Atlantic), with the description of a new species and a literature review of other brazilian records of the genus. Revta bras. Zool. 18 (Supl. 1): 143 -160.
- Pinheiro, U. dos S., E. Hajdu & M.R. Custodio. 2007. Aplysina Nardo (Porifera, Verongida, Aplysinidae) from the Brazilian coast with description of eight new species. Zootaxa 1609: 1-51.
- Pinheiro, U.S., R.G.S. Berlinck & E. Hajdu. 2005. Shallow-water Niphatidae (Haplosclerina, Haplosclerida, Demospongiae) from the São Sebastião Channel and its environs (tropical southwestern Atlantic), with description of a new species. Contr. Zool. 74
- Priest, B.W. 1881. On an undescribed species of sponge of the genus Polymastia, from Honduras. J. Quekett Micr. Club 6: 302-304.
- Pulitzer-Finali, G. 1986. A collection of West Indian Demospongiae (Porifera). In Appendix, a list fo the Demospongieae hitherto recorded from the West Indies. Estratto dagli Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova 86: 65-216.
- Ribeiro, S.M. & G. Muricy. 2004. Four new sympatric species of Tethya (Demospongiae: Hadromerida) from Abrolhos Archipelago (Bahía State, Brazil). Zootaxa 557: 1-16.
- Ridley, S.O. & A. Dendy. 1886. Preliminary report on the Monaxonida collected by H.M.S. 'Challenger.' Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 18 (ser. 5) (34): 325-351; (44): 470-493.
- Ridley, S.O. & A. Dendy. 1887. Report on the Monaxonida collected by H.M.S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876. In: Report on the scientific results of the voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876, Zoology 20 (59), 275 pp.
- Row, R.W.H. 1911. Reports on the Marine Biology of the Sudanese Red Sea, from Collections made by Cyril Crossland, M.A., B.Sc., F.Z.S. XIX. Report on the Sponges collected by Mr. Cyril Crossland in 1904-5. Part II. Non-Calcarea. Journal of the Linnean Society. Zoology 31 (208): 287-400, pls 35-41.
- Rützler, K. & K.P. Smith. 1992. Guide to Western Atlantic species of Cinachyrella (Porifera: Tetillidae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 105(1): 148-164.
- Rützler, K. & K.P. Smith. 1993. The genus Terpios (Suberitidae) and new species in the “Lobiceps” complex. Sci. Mar. 57(4): 381-393.
- Rützler, K. 1971. Bredin-Archbold-Smithsonian Biological Survey of Dominica: Burrowing sponges, genus Siphonodictyon Bergquist, from the Caribbean. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 77, 37 pp.
- Rützler, K. 1974. The burrowing sponges of Bermuda. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 165, 32 pp.
- Rützler, K. 1981. An unusual bluegreen alga symbiotic with two new species of Ulosa (Porifera: Hymeniacidonidae) from Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. P.S.Z.N.I: Mar. Ecol. 2(1): 35-50.
- Rützler, K. 1986. Phylum Porifera (Sponges). In: Sterrer, W. (ed.). Marine fauna and flora of Bermuda. John Wiley & sons, Inc., Nueva York: 111-128.
- Rützler, K., R.W.M. van Soest & B. Alvarez. 2003. , a Caribbean reef sponge with a giant larva, and Scopalina ruetzleri: a comparative fine-structural approach to classification (Demospongiae, Halichondrida, Dictyonellidae). Invertebrate Biology 122(3): 203-222.
- Rützler, K., C. Piantoni & M.C. Díaz. 2007. Lissodendoryx: rediscovered type and new tropical western Atlantic species (Porifera: Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Coelosphaeridae). J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 87: 1491-1510.
- Rützler, K., C. Piantoni, R.W.M. van Soest, & M.C. Díaz. 2014. Diversity of sponges (Porifera) from cryptic habitats on the Belize barrier reef near Carrie Bow Cay. Zootaxa, 3805: 1-129.
- Rützler, K., M. Maldonado, C. Piantoni & A. Riesgo. 2007. Iotrochota revisited: a new sponge and review of species from the western tropical Atlantic (Poecilosclerida: Iotrochotidae). Inv. Syst. 21: 173-185.
- Rützler, K., S. Duran & C. Piantoni. 2007. Adaptation of reef and mangrove sponges to stress: evidence for ecological speciation exemplified by Chondrilla caribensis new species (Demospongiae, Chondrosida). Mar. Ecol. 28 (Suppl. 1): 95-111.
- Rützler, K., Soest, R.W.M. van & C. Piantoni. 2009. Sponges (Porifera) of the Gulf of Mexico. Pp. 285-313 In: Felder, D.L. & D.K. Camp (eds.) Gulf of Mexico origin, waters and biota. Texas A&M University Press, College Station.
- Sandes J., A. Bispo & U. Pinheiro. 2014. Two new species of Haliclona Grant, 1836 (Haplosclerida: Chalinidae) from Sergipe State, Brazil. Zootaxa 3793 (2): 273-280.
- Sandes, J. & U. Pinheiro. 2013. New species of Myrmekioderma (Demospongiae: Halichondrida: Heteroxyidae) from Brazil. Zootaxa 3702 (4): 370-378.
- Sandes, J. & U. Pinheiro. 2014. Dictyoceratida (Porifera: Demospongiae) from Tropical Southwestern Atlantic (Northeastern Brazil, Sergipe State) and the description of three new species. Zootaxa 3838(4): 445–461.
- Santos, G.G. & U. Pinheiro. 2013. First record of Damiria Keller, 1891 from Brazil, with the description of a new species (Poecilosclerida; Demospongiae; Porifera). Zootaxa 3700 (4): 597-600.
- Santos, G.G., L. Docio & U. Pinheiro. 2014. Two new species of the family Niphatidae van Soest, 1980 from Northeastern Brazil (Haplosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera). Zootaxa 3774 (3): 265-274.
- Sarà, M. & G. Bavastrello. 1996. West Indies Genera Columnitis, Tetcitethya and Nucleotethya new genus with description of new species (Porifera, Tethyidae). Bull. Mar. Sci. 59(2): 370-392.
- Schmidt, O. 1870. Grunzüge einer Spongien-Fauna des Atlanthischen Gebietes. Engelmann, Leipzig, 88 pp.
- Schmidt, O. 1880. Die Spongien des Meerbusen von México (un des Caraibischen Meeres). Zweited (Schluss-) Heft. Verlag von Gustav Fischer, Jena: 33-90, pls. 5-10.
- Silva, C.M.M. 2002. Revisão das espécies de Geodia Lamarck, 1815 (Porifera, Astrophorida, Geodiidae) do Atlântico Ocidental e Pacífico Oriental. Ph.D. Dissertation, Instituto de Biociências da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo., 305 pp.
- Silva, C.M.M., B. Mothes & I. Lyrio-Oliveira. 2004. Redescription of Geodia papyracea (Hechtel, 1965) with new records along the northeastern and southeastern Brazilian coast. Bollettino dei musei e degli istituti biologici dell'Universita di Genova, 68, 605–612.
- Soest, R.M.W. van & H. Lehnert. 1997. The genus Julavis de Laubenfels (Porifera: Halichondrida). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 110(4): 502-510.
- Soest, R.M.W. van. 2009. New sciophilous sponges from the Caribbean (Porifera: Demospongiae). Zootaxa 2107: 1-40.
- Soest, R.W.M van, Boury-Esnault, N., Hooper, J.N.A., Rützler, K, de Voogd, N.J., Alvarez, B., Hajdu, E., Pisera, A.B., Vacelet, J. Manconi, R., Schoenberg, C., Janussen, D., Tabachnick, K.R., Klautau, M. (Eds) (2009). World Porifera database. World Porifera database. Accessed through the World Porifera database at http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=168561 on 2009-04-01
- Soest, R.W.M. van & D.B. Sass. 1981. Amsterdam expeditions to the West Indian Islands, report 13. Marine sponges from an island cave on Salvador Island, Bahamas. Bijd. Dierk. 51 (2): 332-334.
- Soest, R.W.M. van & N. Stentoft. 1988. Barbados deep-water sponges. Stud. Fauna Curacao Caribb. Isl. 70(215), 175 pp.
- Soest, R.W.M. van & S. Zea. 1986. A new sublithistid sponge, Monanthus ciocalyptoides n.sp. (Porifera, Halichondrida), from the West Indian region. Bull. Zool. Mus. Univ. Amsterdam 10(24): 201-205.
- Soest, R.W.M. van & W.H. de Weerdt. 2001. New records of Xestospongia species (Haplosclerida: Petrosiidae) from Curaçao reefs, with a description of a new species. Beaufortia 51(7): 109-117,
- Soest, R.W.M. van, Beglinger, E.J. & N.J. De Voogd. 2010. Skeletons in confusion: a review of astrophorid sponges with (dicho-)calthrops as structural megascleres (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida). Zookeys 68: 1-88.
- Soest, R.W.M. van, S. Zea & M. Kielman. 1994. New species of Zyzzya, Cornulella, Damiria, and Acheliderma (Porifera: Poecilosclerida), with a review of fistular genera of Iophonidae. Bijd. Dierk. 64(3): 163-192.
- Soest, R.W.M. van, S.M. Stone, N. Boury-Esnault & K. Rützler. 1983. Catalogue of the Duchassaing & Michelotti (1864) collection of West Indian sponges (Porifera). Bull. Zool. Mus. Univ. Amsterdam 9 (21): 189-205.
- Soest, R.W.M. van. 1978. Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part I. Keratosa. Stud. Fauna Curacao Caribb. Isl. 56(179), 94 pp.
- Soest, R.W.M. van. 1980. Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part II. Haplosclerida. Stud. Fauna Curacao Caribb. Isl. 62(191), 173 pp.
- Soest, R.W.M. van. 1984a. Marine sponges from Curaçao and other Caribbean localities. Part III. Poecilosclerida. Stud. Fauna Curacao Caribb. Isl. 66(199), 167 pp.
- Soest, R.W.M. van. 1984b. Deficient Merlia normani Kirkpatrick, 1908, from the Curaçao reefs, with a discussion on the phylogenetic interpretation of sclerosponges. Bijd. Dierk. 54(2): 211-219
- Soest, R.W.M. van. 1997. A revisión of the megacanthoxea-bearing tetillids (Porifera, Spirophorida). Stud. Fauna Curacao Caribb. Isl. 53, 14 pp.
- Soest, R.W.M. van. 2014. Deep-water sponges (Porifera) from Bonaire and Klein Curaçao, Southern Caribbean. Zootaxa 3878(5): 401-443.
- Soest, R.W.M., D. Erpenbeck & B. Alvarez. 2002. Family Dictyonellidae van Soest, Diaz & Pomponi, 1990. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & R.W.M. van Soest (Eds.). Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 773-786.
- Solé-Cava, A.M., A. Kelecom & G.J. Kannengieser. 1981. Study of some sponges (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the infralitoral of Guarapari, Espírito Santo, Brazil. Iheringia, Sér. Zool., Porto Alegre 60: 125-150.
- Sollas, W.J. 1879. On Pharetronema zingiberis, a new genus and species of Renierid sponge. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 3(5): 405-407.
- Sollas, W.J. 1886. Preliminary account of the tetractinellid sponges dredged by H.N.S. Challenger, 1872-1876. Part. I. The Choristida. Sci. Proc. Roy. Dublin Soc. (new ser.) 5: 177-199.
- Sollas, W.J. 1888. Report on the Tetractinellida collected by H.M.S. Challenger, during the years 1873-1876. In: Report on the scientific results of the voyage of the H. M. S. Challenger during the years 1873-1876, Zoology 25 (63), 458 pp.
- Topsent, E. 1932. Éponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Deuxiéme partie. Arch. Mus. nation. Hist. nat., Paris (ser. 6) 8: 61-124.
- Topsent, E. 1833. Éponges de Lamarck conservées au Muséum de Paris. Fin. Arch. Mus. Nation. Hist. Nat., Paris (ser. 6) 10: 1-60.
- Topsent, E. 1889. Quelques spongiaires du Banc de Campêche et de la Pointe-a-Pître. Mem. Soc. Zool. France 2: 30-56.
- Uliczka, E. 1929. Die tetraxonen Schwämmê Wedtindies (auf Grnd der Erbegnisse der Reise Kükenthal-Hartmeyer). In: Kükenthal, W. and R. Hartmeyer. Ergbenise Einer zoologischen Forschungreise nach Westindien. Zool. Jb. Suppl. 16: 35-62.
- Vacelet, J. & C. Donadey. 1987. A new species of Halisarca (Porifera, Demospongiae) from the Caribbean, with remarks on the cytology and affinities of the genus. In: Jones, W.C. (ed.). European contributions to the taxonomy of sponges. Publ. Sherkin Isl
- Vacelet, J. 1979. Une éponge Tétractinellide nouvelle des grottes sous-marines de la Jamaïque, associée à des membrantese étrangères. Bull. Mus. Natn. Hist. Nat., Paris, 4e sér., 1, section a, 1: 33-39.
- Vacelet, J. 1990. Les spongiaires. Pp. 16-33 in: Bouchon, C. (Ed.). Le Grande Encyclopédie de la Caraïbe. Vol. 5, Le Monde Marin. Sanoli Editions, 207 pp.
- Valderrama, D. & S. Zea. 2013. Annotated checklist of sponges (Porifera) from the southernmost Caribbean reefs (north-west Gulf of Urabá), with description of new records for the Colombian Caribbean. Rev. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. 37 (144): 379-404.
- Valderrama, D., A.L. Rossi, A.M. Solé-Cava,A.M., H.T. Rapp & M. Klautau. 2009. Revalidation of Leucetta floridana (Haeckel, 1872) (Porifera, Calcarea): a widespread species in the tropical western Atlantic. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157: 1-16
- Verrill, A.E. 1907. The Bermuda Island. Part IV. Geology and Paleontology, and Part V. An account of the coral reefs. Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 12: 45-438. (Porifera: 330-344, figs. 176-181, pl. 35c-d.)
- Vicente, J., S. Zea, R.J. Powell, J.R. Pawlik y R.T. Hill. 2014. New epizooic symbiosis between sponges of the genera Plakortis and Xestospongia in cryptic habitats of the Caribbean. Marine Biology. DOI 10.1007/s00227-014-2546-z.
- Vicente, V.P., K. Rützler & N.M. Carballeira. 1991. Comparativa morphology, ecology, and fatty acid composition of West Indian Spheciospongia (Demospongae). P.S.Z.N.I: Mar. Ecol. 12(3): 211-226.
- Vilanova, E. & G. Muricy. 2001. Taxonomy and distribution of the sponge genus Dysidea Johnston, 1842 (Demospongiae, Dendroceratida) in the extractive reserve of Arraial do Cabo, SE Brazil (SW Atlantic). Bol. Mus. Nac. N.S., Zool., Rio de Janeiro 453, 16
- Weerdt, W.H. de, K. Rützler & K.P. Smith. 1991. The Chalinidae (Porifera)of Twin Cays, Belize, and adjacent waters. Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 104(1): 189-205.
- Weerdt, W.H. de, M.J. de Kluijver & R. Gómez. 1999. Haliclona (Halichoclona) vansoesti n. sp., a new Chalinid sponge species (Porifera, Demospongiae, Haplosclerida), from the Caribbean. Beaufortia 49(6): 47-54.
- Weerdt, W.H. de. 2000. A monograph of the shallow-water Chalinidae (Porifera, Haplosclerida) of the Caribbean. Beaufortia 50(1), 65 pp.
- Wells, H.W., M.J. Wells & J.E. Gray (1960) Marine sponges of North Carolina. Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society, 76, 200–245.
- Whitfield, R.P. 1901. Notice of a new sponge from Bermuda and some others forms from the Bahamas. Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist. 14: 47-50.
- Wiedenmayer, F. 1977. Shallow-water sponges of the western Bahamas. Birkhauser Verlag, Basel and Stuttgart, 278 pp.
- Wilson D.M., M. Puyana, W. Fenical & J.R. Pawlik. 1999. Chemical defense of the Caribbean reef sponge Axinella corrugata against predatory fishes. J. Chem. Ecol. 25: 2811–2823.
- Wilson, H.V. 1902. The sponge collected in Porto Rico in 1889 by the U.S. Fish Commision steamer Fish Hawk. Bull. U. S. Fish. Comm. 2 for 1900: 375-411.
- Wintermann-Kilian, G. and E.F. Kilian. 1983. Marine sponges of the region of Santa Marta (Colombia). Part I. Dictyoceratida and Verongida. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 18: 1-17.
- Wintermann-Kilian, G. and E.F. Kilian. 1984. Marine sponges of the region of Santa Marta (Colombia). Part II. Homosclerophorida, Choristida, Spirophorida, Hadromerida, Axinellida, Halichondrida, Poecilosclerida. Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environmen
- Wulff, J. 1996. Do the same sponge species live on both the Caribbean and Eastern Pacific sides of the Isthmus of Panama? Bull. Inst. Royal Sci. Nat. Belgique, Biologie 66: 165-173.
- Wulff, J. 2006. Sponge systematics by starfish: predators distinguish cryptic sympatric species of Caribbean fire sponges, Tedania ignis and Tedania klausi n. sp. (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida). Biol. Bull. 211: 83-94.
- Zea, S. & E. Weil. 2003. Taxonomy of the Caribbean excavating sponge species complex Cliona caribbaea-C. aprica-C. langae (Porifera, Hadromerida, Clionaidae). Caribb. J. Sci. 39(3): 348-370.
- Zea, S. & K. Rützler. 1983. A new species of Xestospongia (Porifera: Demospongea) from the Colombian Caribbean. Caldasia 13(65): 817-831.
- Zea, S. &R.W.M. van Soest. 1986. Three new species of sponges from the Colombian Caribbean. Bull. Mar. Sci. 38(2): 355-365.
- Zea, S. &W.H. De Weerdt. 1999. Haliclona (Haliclona) epiphytica n. sp. (Porifera, Demospongiae, Haplosclerida), a seaweed-dwelling sponge from the Colombian Caribbean. Beaufortia 49(13): 171-176.
- Zea, S. 1987. Esponjas del Caribe colombiano. Editorial Catálogo Científico, Bogotá, 286 pp.
- Zea, S., D. Valderrama & A.M. Martínez. 2013. Axinyssa ambrosia and Axinyssa yumae (Porifera, Halichondrida): two valid sponge species from the Caribbean Sea. Zootaxa 3682 (3): 495–500.
- Escobar, D., S. Zea & J.A. Sánchez. 2012. Phylogenetic relationships among the Caribbean members of the Cliona viridis complex (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 64(2): 271–284.
- Ridley, S.O. 1881. Coelenterata. In: A. Günther, Account of the zoological collections made during the survey of H.M.S. Alert in the Straits of Magellan and on the coast of Patagonia. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1881 : 101-107.
- Vicente, J., J.A. Ríos, S. Zea & R.J. Toonen. 2019. Molecular and morphological congruence of three new cryptic Neopetrosia spp. in the Caribbean. PeerJ. 7: e6371, 30 pp.
- Zea, S., & M. López-Victoria. 2016. Cliona acephala (Porifera: Demospongiae: Clionaida), a new encrusting excavating reef sponge from the Colombian Caribbean belonging to the Cliona viridis species complex. Zootaxa. 4178 (4): 523-592.
- David-Colón, J., S. Zea & D. Marín-Casas. 2023. The genus Placospongia (Demospongiae: Clionaida) from the Colombian Caribbean. Zootaxa. 5244(6): 501-526.
- Vicente, J., S. Zea & R.T. Hill. 2016. Sponge epizoism in the Caribbean and the discovery of new Plakortis and Haliclona species, and polymorphism of Xestospongia deweerdtae (Porifera). Zootaxa. 4178 (2): 209-233.
- Leal, C.V., S. Salani, F.C. de Moraes, F.C., R.L. Moura, F.L. Thompson & E. Hajdu. 2023. Lost characters and lost taxonomists: Coelocarteriidae fam. nov., Poecilosclerida with and without chelae, to accommodate supposed phloeodictyids (Haplosclerida). Invertebrate Systematics. 37(3): 192-210.
- Ruiz, C, G. Muricy, A. Lage, C. Domingos, S. Chenesseau & T Pérez. 2017. Descriptions of new sponge species and genus, including aspiculate Plakinidae, overturn the Homoscleromorpha classification. Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 179, 707–724.
- Voogd, N.J. de, B. Alvarez, N. Boury-Esnault, P. Cárdenas, M.-C- Díaz, M. Dohrmann, R. Downey, C. Goodwin, E. Hajdu, J.N.A. Hooper, M. Kelly, M. Klautau, C.C. Lim, R. Manconi, C. Morrow, U. Pinheiro, A.B. Pisera, P. Ríos, K. Rützler, C. Schönberg, T. Turner, J. Vacelet, Soest, R.W.M. van & J. Xavier. 2024. World Porifera Database. Cliothosa delitrix (Pang, 1973). Accessed at: https://www.marinespecies.org/porifera/porifera.php?p=taxdetails&id=1479479 on 2024-09-04.
- Chaves-Fonnegra, A., A. Marulanda-Gómez, B. Mueller, J.V. Lopez & S. Zea S. 2017. Cliona laticavicola is an ecophenotype and an ontogenic life stage of the coral excavating sponge Cliona delitrix. In: Picton, B.E; Morrow, C. 2017. 10th World Sponge Conference. NUI Galway 25-30 June 2017. National University of Ireland, Galway, p. 58.
- Escobar, D., S. Zea y J.A. Sánchez. 2012. Phylogenetic relationships among the Caribbean members of the Cliona viridis complex (Porifera, Demospongiae, Hadromerida) using nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 64(2): 271–284.
- Topsent, E. 1932. Notes sur des clionides. Archives de Zoologie expérimentale et générale 74(28): 549-579
- Zea, S. & A. Pulido. 2016. Taxonomy of the Caribbean sponge Dragmacidon reticulatum (Ridley & Dendy, 1886) (Porifera, Demospongiae, Axinellida), with the description of a new species. Zootaxa. 4114(4): 393-408.