Taxanomic References:
References are provided for each species in the Sponge Guide. Below is a list of the references used:
- Alcolado, P.M. (2002) Catálogo de las esponjas de Cuba. Avicennia, 15, 53–72.
- Alcolado, P.M. 1976. Lista de nuevos registros de poríferos para Cuba. Academia de Ciencias de Cuba, Instituto de Oceanología, Serie Oceanológica 36, 11 pp.
- Alcolado, P.M. 1979. Nueva especie de porífero (género Strongylophora) encontrada en Cuba. Poeyana 196, 5 pp.
- Alcolado, P.M. 1980. Esponjas de Cuba: nuevos registros. Poeyana 197, 10 pp.
- Alcolado, P.M. 1981. Guía para la identificación de algunos poriferos cubanos (Clase Demospongiae). Acad. Cienc. Cuba, Inst. Oceanol., Inf. Cient.-Tecn. 184, 42 pp.
- Alcolado, P.M. 1984. Nuevas especies de esponjas encontradas en Cuba. Poeyana 271, 22 pp.
- Alcolado, P.M. and G.G. Gotera. 1986. Nuevas adiciones a la fauna de poríferos de Cuba. Poeyana 331, 19 pp.
- Alvarez, B. & J.N.A. Hooper. 2002. Family Axinellidae Carter, 1875. In: Hooper, J.N.A. & R.W.M. van Soest (Eds.). Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 742–747.
- Alvarez, B. & M.C. Díaz. 1985. Las esponjas de un arrecife coralino en el Parque Nacional Archipiélago Los Roques: taxonomía y ecología. B.Sc. Thesis, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, 216 pp.
- Alvarez, B., Hooper, J.N.A & Van Soest, R.W.M. 2008. Pipestela, a new genus of Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae: Halichondrida) and description of three new species. Memoirs of the Queensland Museum 52(2): 105–118.
- Alvarez, B., M.D. Crisp, F. Driver, J.N.A. Hooper & R.W.M. Van Soest. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships of the family Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) using morphological and molecular data. Zoologica Scripta 29: 169-198.
- Alvarez, B., R.W.M. van Soest & K. Rützler. 1998. A revision of Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) of the Central-West Atlantic region. Smithson. Contrib. Zool. 598, 47 pp.
- Alvarez, B., R.W.M. van Soest & K. Rützler. 2002. Svenzea, a new genus of Dictyonellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae) from tropical reef environments, with description of two new species. Contr. Zool. 71(4): 171-176.
- Arndt. W. 1927. Kalk und Keeselchwämme von Curaçao. Bijd. Dierk. 25: 133-158.
- Assmann, M., R.W.M. van Soest & M. Köck. 2001. Description of Agelas cerebrum, a new species and re-descripton of Agelas dilatata (Porifera). Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 114(2): 359-366.
- Azevedo, F. & M. Klautau. 2007. Calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Ilha Grande Bay, Brazil, with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 1402: 1-22.
- Barros, L.V. de, G.G. Santos & U. Pinheiro. 2013. Clathria (Clathria) Schmidt, 1862 from Brazil with description of a new species and a review of records (Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera). Zootaxa 3640 (2): 284-295.
- Bispo, A., M.D. Correia & E. Hajdu. 2014. Two new shallow-water species of Haliclona from north-eastern Brazil (Demospongiae: Haplosclerida: Chalinidae). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom, doi:10.1017/S0025315414000344: 1-13.
- Boury-Esnault, N. 1973. Campagne de la "Calypso" au large des côtes Atlantiques de L'Amerique du Sud (1961-1962). I. Spongiaires. Résultats scientifiques des Campagnes de la "Calypso" 10(29). 263-295.
- Boury-Esnault, N., M. Klautau, C. Bézac, J. Wulff & A.M. Solé-Cava. 1999. Comparative study of putative conspecific sponge populations from both sides of the Isthmus of Panama. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K: 79: 39-50.
- Burton, M. 1954. Sponges. In: The "Rosaura" expedition, pt. 5. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Zool. 2, 6: 215-239.
- Cardenas, P., C. Menegola, H.T. Rapp & M.C. Díaz. 2009. Morphological description and DNA barcodes of shallow-water Tetractinellida from Bocas del Toro, Panama, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 2276: 1-39.
- Cardenas, P., H.T. Rapp, C. Schander & O.S. Tendal. 2010. Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny of the Geodiidae (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida) combining phylogenetic and Linnaean classification. Zoologica Scripta 39: 89–106.
- Cardenas, P., J.R. Xavier, J. Reveillaud, C. Schander & H.T. Rapp. 2011. Molecular phylogeny of the Astrophorida (Porifera, Demospongiaep) reveals an unexpected high level of spicule homoplasy. PLoS ONE 6 (4), e18318: 1-18.
- Carter, H.J. 1870. On two new Species of Subspherous Sponges, with Observations. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 6(32):176-182, pl. XIII
- Carter, H.J. 1876. Descriptions and Figures of Deep-Sea Sponges and their Spicules, from the Atlantic Ocean, dredged up on board H.M.S. ‘Porcupine’, chiefly in 1869 (concluded). Annals and Magazine of Natural History (4) 18(105): 226-240; (106): 307-324; (107): 388-410;(108): 458-479, pls XII-XVI.
- Carter, H.J. 1879. Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 3 (ser. 5) (33): 284-304, pls. 28-29.
- Carter, H.J. 1882. Some sponges from the West Indies and Acapulco in the Liverpool Free Museum, with general and classificatory remarks. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 9 (ser. 5) (29): 266-301, (36) 346-368, pls. 11 and 12.
- Carter, H.J. 1884. Catalogue of marine sponges, collected by Mr. Jos. Willcox on the West coast of Florida. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil.: 202-210.
- Carter. H.J. 1883. Contributions to our knowledge of the Spongida. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 12 (ser. 5): 308-329, pls. 11-14.
- Carter. H.J. 1885. Catalogue of marine sponge collected by Mr. Jos. Willcox on the west coast of Florida. Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil., for 1884: 202-209.
- Carvalho, M. de S. & E. Hajdu. 2001. Comments on Brazilian Halichondria Fleming (Halichondriidae, Halichondrida, Demospongiae), with the description of four new species from the São Sebastião Channel and its environments (Tropical southwestern Atlantic). Revta bras. Zool. 18 (Supl. 1): 161 -180.
- Carvalho, M. de S., E. Hajdu, B. Mothes & R.W.M. van Soest. 2004. Amorphinopsis (Halichondrida: Demospongiae) from the Atlantic Ocean, with description of a new species. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 84: 925-930.
- Carvalho, M. de S., S.M. da Silva & U. Pinheiro. 2013. Two new species of Aaptos (Demospongiae, Hadromerida) from Brazil (western Atlantic). Zootaxa 3750 (4): 357-366.
- Colin, P.L. 1878. Caribbean reef invertebrates and plants. TFH publications, Inc., Ltd., Neptune City, 512 pp.
- Crozier, B.B. 1918. Bermudan species of Donatia (Tethya). Contr. Bermuda Biol. Stat. Res. 77: 11-18.
- Dendy, A. 1890. Observations of the West-Indian Chalinine sponges, with descriptions of new species. Trans. Zool. Soc. London 12 (10) (1) (14): 349-368, pls. 58-63 (=1887 Proc. Zool. Soc. London: 503-507)
- Desqueyroux-Faundez, R. & C. Valentine. 2002. Family Petrosiidae Van Soest, 1980. n: Hooper, J.N.A. & R.W.M. van Soest (Eds.). Systema Porifera: A Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York, pp. 906-917.
- Díaz, C.M. 2007. Poriferos de la plataforma continental (10- 50 m de profundidad) del Departamento de la Guajira, Caribe colombiano. B.Sc. Degree Work, Marine Biology, Universidad Jorge Tadeo Lozano, Bogotá, 106 pp.
- Díaz, C.M. y S. Zea. 2014. First record of the Indo-Pacific sponge genus Rhaphidhistia (Demospongiae, Hadromerida, Trachycladidae) from the Caribbean Sea, with description of a new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94 (02): 255-259.
- Díaz, H., M. Bevilacqua & D. Boné. 1985. Esponjas en manglares del Parque Nacional Morrocoy. Fondo Editorial Acta Científica Venezolana, Caracas, 62 pp.
- Díaz, M.C., R.W. Thacker, N.E. Redmond, K.O. Matterson & A.G. Collins. 2013. Phylogenetic novelties and geographic anomalies among tropical Verongida. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 1-13. doi:10.1093/icb/ict033.
- Díaz, M.C., B. Alvarez & R.W.M. van Soest. 1987. New species of Demospongiae (Porifera) from the National Park "Archipiélago de Los Roques", Venezuela. Bijd. Dierk. 57(1): 31-41.
- Díaz, M.C., R.W. Thacker, K. Rützler & C. Piantoni. 2007. Two new haplosclerid sponges from Caribbean Panama with symbiotic filamentous cyanobacteria, and an overview of sponge-cyanobacteria associations. In: Hajdu, G. Lôbo-Hajdu & G. Muricy (Eds.). Porifera Research - Biodiversity, Innovation, Sustainability. Proceedings of the 7th International Sponge Symposium, Río de Janeiro: 31-39.
- Díaz, M.C., S.A. Pomponi & R.W.M. van Soest. 1993. A systematic revision of the central West Atlantic Halichondrida (Demospongiae, Porifera). Part III: description of valid species. Scientia Marina 57(4): 286-306.
- Domingos, C., F. Moraes & G. Muricy. 2013. Four new species of Plakinidae (Porifera: Homoscleromorpha) from Brazil. Zootaxa 3718 (6): 530-544.
- Duchassaing de Fonbressin, P. & G. Michelotti. 1864. Spongiaires de la mer Caraïbe. Natkd. Verh, holl. Maatsch. Wetensch. Haarlem (ser. 2) 21 (3), 124 pp.
- Duchassaing de Fonbressin, P. 1850. Animaux radiaires des Antilles. Plon Frères, Paris, 35 pp.
- Duckworth, A.R., Samples, G.A., Wright, A.E. & S.A. Pomponi. 2003. In vitro culture of the tropical sponge Axinella corrugata (Demospongiae): effect of food cell concentration on growth, clearance rate and biosynthesis of stevensine. Marine Biotechnology 5: 519-527.
- Ereskovsky, A.V., D.V. Lavrov & P. Willenz. 2014. Five new species of Homoscleromorpha (Porifera) from the Caribbean Sea and re-description of Plakina jamaicensis. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 94: 285-307.
- Esper, C.J.C. 1794. Die Pflanzenthiere in abbildungen nach der Natur mit Farben erleuchtet, nebst Beschreibungen. Zweite Theil. Raspe, Nürnberg, 303 pp. (sponges: 165-282, 289-294; pls. 1-7, 7a, 7b, 8, 9, 9a, 10-21, 21a, 22, 23a, 24-48, 48a, 49).
- Esteves, E.L., F.C. Moraes, G. Muricy & F.D. Amaral. 2002. Duas novas ocorrências da ordem Hadromerida (Porifera, Demospongiae) para o Arquipélago de São Pedro e São Paulo, Brasil. Bol. Mus. Nac., N.S., Zool., Rio de Janeiro 488: 1-12.
- Gammill, E.R. 1997. Identification of coral reef sponges. Providence Marine Publishing, Inc., Tampa, xii + 117 pp.
- Gazave E., S. Carteron, A. Chenuil, E. Richelle-Maurer, N. Boury-Esnault & C. Borchiellini 2010. Polyphyly of the genus Axinella and of the family Axinellidae (Porifera: Demospongiae. Mol.Phylogenet. Evol. 57: 35–47.
- George, D. & J. George. 1979. Marine Life. An ilustrated encyclopedia of invertebrates in the sea. Harrap & Co., Ltd., London, 228 pp. (Porifera: 1-18, figs. 2-3, pls. 1-9).
- George, W.C. & H.V. Wilson. 1919. Sponges of Beaufort (N.C.) Harbor and vicinity. Bull. Bur. Fish. 36 (876): 130-179.
- Gomez, P. 2002. Esponjas marinas del Golfo de México y el Caribe. AGT Editor, S.A., México D.F., 134 pp.
- Gomez, P. 2014. The genus Clathria from the Gulf of Mexico and Mexican Caribbean, with redescription and resurrection of Clathria carteri (Poecilosclerida: Microcionidae). Zootaxa 3790 (1): 051-085.
- Gomez-López, P. & G. Green. 1984. Sistemática de las esponjas marinas de Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México. An. Inst. Cienc. Del Mar y Limnol. Univ. Nal. Autón. México 11(1): 65-90.
- Gotera, G.G. & P.M. Alcolado. 1987. Nueva especie del género Agelas (Porifera) colectada en Cuba. Poeyana 342, 4 pp.
- Green, G. 1977a. Sinopsis taxonómica de trece especies de esponjas del arrecife La Blanquilla, Veracruz, México. An. Centro Cienc. Mar Limnol., UNAM 4(1): 79-98.
- Green, G., L.E. Fuentes Velázquez & P. Gómez López. 1986. Nuevos registros de Porifera del arrecife de La Blanquilla, Veracruz, México. An. Inst. Cienc. Del Mar y Limnol. Univ. Nal. Auton. México 13(3): 127-146.
- Haeckel E. 1872. Die Kalkschwämme, eine Monographie, Vols. 1-3. Reimer, Berlin.
- Hajdu, E. & K. Rützler. 1998. Sponges, genus Mycale (Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae: Porifera), from a Caribbean mangrove and comments on subgeneric classification. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 111(4): 737-773.
- Hajdu, E. & R. Desqueyroux-Faúndez. 1994. A synopsis of South American Mycale (Mycale) (Poecilosclerida, Demospongiae) with description of three new species and a cladistic analysis of Mycalidae. Rev. Suisse Zool. 101(3): 563-600.
- Hajdu, E. & R.W.M. van Soest. 1992. A revison of Atlantic Asteropus Sollas, 1888 (Demospongiae), including a description of three new species, with a review of the family Coppatiidae Topsent, 1898. Bijd. Dierk. 62(1): 3-19.
- Hajdu, E., G. Muricy, M. Custodio, C. Russo & S. Peixinho. 1992. Geodia corticostylifera (Demospongiae, Porifera) new astrophorid sponge from the Brazilian coast (Southwestern Atlantic). Bull. Mar. Sci. 51(2): 204-217.
- Hajdu, E., S. Zea, M. Kielman & S. Peixinho. 1995. Mycale escarlatei n.sp. and Mycale unguifera n.sp. (Demospongiae) from the Tropical-western Atlantic. Beaufortia 45(1): 1-16.
- Hancock, A. 1867. Note on the Excavating Sponges; with Descriptions of four new Species. Annals and Magazine of Natural History (3)19(112): 229-242, pls VII-VIII.
- Hartman, W.D. & T.F. Goreau. 1972. Ceratoporella (Porifera: Sclerospongiae) and the chaetetid "corals". Trans. Conn. Acad. Arts Sci. 44: 1333-148.
- Hartman, W.D. 1955. A collection of sponges from the west coast of the Yucatan Penninsula with descriptions of two new species. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 5(3): 161-189.
- Hartman, W.D. 1967. Revision of Neofibularia (Porifera, Demospongiae), a genus of toxic sponges from the West Indies and Australia. Postilla 113, 41 pp.
- Hartman, W.D. 1979. A new sclerosponge from The Bahamas and its relationship to Mesozoic stromatorporoids. Colloques Intennationaux du C.N.R.S. 291 - Biologie des Spongiaires: 467-474
- Hartman, W.D., 1969. New genera and species of coralline sponges (Porifera) from Jamaica. Postilla 137, 39 pp.
- Hechtel, G.J. 1965. A systematic study of the Demospongiae of Port Royal, Jamaica. Bull. Peabody Mus. Nat. Hist. 20, vi + 103 pp.
- Hechtel, G.J. 1969. New species and records of shallow water Demospongiae from Barbados, West Indies. Postilla 132, 38 pp.
- Hechtel, G.J. 1983. New species of marine Demospongiae from Brazil. Iheringia, Ser. Zool., Porto Alegre 63: 59-89.
- Hickson, S.J. 1911. On Ceratopora, the type of a new family of Alcyonaria. Proc. Roy. Soc. Lond. (b) 84: 195-200.
- Higgin, T. 1875. On a new sponge of the genus Luffaria from Yucatan, in the Liverpool Free Museum. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 4)(27) 16: 223-227, pl. 6.
- Higgin, T. 1877. Description of some sponges obtained during a cruise of the steam-yatch 'Argo' in the Caribbean and neighbouring seas. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 4)(24) 19: 291-299, pl. 14.
- Hofman, C.C. & M. Kielman. 1992. The excavating sponges of the Santa Marta area, Colombia, with description of a new species. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde 61(4): 205-217.
- Hooper, J.N.A. & R.W.M. van Soest (Eds.) 2002. Systema Porifera: a guide to the classification of sponges, vol. 1. Kluwer Academic/ Plenum Publishers, New York, 1101 + xlviii pp.
- Hooper, J.N.A. 1996. Revision of Microcionidae (Porifera: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae), with description of Australian species. Mem. Qld. Mus. 40: 1-626.
- Hooper, J.N.A., H. Lehnert & S. Zea. 1999. Revision of Aulospongus Norman and review of Raspailiidae with rhabdostyles (Porifera: Demospongiae). Mem. Qld. Mus. 43(2): 649-708.
- Hyatt, A. 1875. Revision of the North American Poriferae; with Remarks upon Foreign Species. Part I. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 2: 399-408, pl. XIII.
- Hyatt, A. 1877. Revision of the North American Poriferae; with Remarks upon Foreign Species. Part II. Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 2: 481-554, pls XV-XVII.
- Johnson, M.F. 1971. Some marine sponges of northeast Brasil. Arq. Ciên. Mar. 11(2): 103-116.
- Kaminskaya, L.D. 1971. [Sponges of the high sublittoral of the northeasthern part of the Cuban shelf](original in Russian). Issledovania Centralno Americanskj Morei 3: 112-121.
- Kaplan, E.H. 1982. A field guide to coral reef of the Caribbean and Florida. Houghton Mifflin Co., Boston, 289 pp. (Sponges, chapt. 7, 121-133; V.P. Vicente, common species: 127-133, pls. 2, 19-21.)
- Kirkpatrick, R. 1908. On Two new Genera of Recent Pharetronid Sponges. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. 8 2(12): 503-514.
- Klautau, M. & C. Valentine. 2003. Revision of the genus Clathrina (Porifera, Calcarea). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 139: 1-62.
- Klautau,M., F. Azevedo, B. Cóndor-Luján, H.T. Rapp, A. Collins & C.A.M. Russo. A Molecular Phylogeny for the Order Clathrinida Rekindles and Refines Haeckel’s Taxonomic Proposal for Calcareous Sponges. Integrative and Comparative Biology 53 (3): 447-461.
- Kobluk, D.R. & R.W.M. van Soest. 1989. Cavity-dwelling sponges in a southern Caribbean coral reef and their paleontological implications. Bull. Mar. Sci. 44(3): 1207-1235.
- Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M., C. de. 1813-14. Sur les polipiers empâtés. Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 20: 294-314, 370-386, 432-458.
- Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M., C. de. 1814-15. Suite des polipiers empâtés. Mém. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 69-80, 162-168, 331-340.
- Lamarck, J.B.P.A. de M., C. de. 1816. Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertébres. Verdiére, Paris, vol. 2, 568 pp.; vol. 3, 596 pp.
- Lanna, E., A.L. Rossi, F.F. Cavalcanti, E. Hajdu & M. Klautau. 2007. Calcareous sponges from São Paulo state, Brazil (Porifera: Calcarea: Calcinea) with the description of two new species. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87 (6): 1553-1561.
- Lanna, E., F.F. Cavalcanti, L. Cardoso, G. Muricy & M. Klautau. 2009. Taxonomy of calcareous sponges (Porifera, Calcarea) from Potiguar Basin, NE Brazil. Zootaxa 1973: 1-27.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1934. New sponges from the Puerto Rican deep. Smithson. Misc. Coll. 91 (17), 28 pp.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1936a. A discussion of the sponge fauna of Dry Tortugas in particular, and the West Indies in general, with material for a revision of the families and orders of the Porifera. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. 467, 225 pp.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1936b. A comparison of the shallow-water sponges near the Pacific end of the Panama canal with those of the Caribbean end. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 83 (2993): 441-446.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1948. The order Keratosa of the phylum Porifera. A monographic study. Occ. Pap. Allan Hancock Found. 3, 217 pp.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1949. Sponges of the Western Bahamas. Amer. Mus. Novitates 1431, 25 pp.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1950. The Porifera of the Bermuda Archipelago. Trans. Zool. Soc. London 27(1)(20): 154 pp.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1953a. Sponges from the Gulf of Mexico. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 2(3): 511-577.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1953b. A guide to the sponges of Eastern North America. Spec. Publ. Mar. Lab. University of Miami Press, Miami, 32 pp.
- Laubenfels, M.W. de. 1958. The taxonomy of American commercial sponges. Bull. Mar. Sci. Gulf Caribb. 8(2): 99-117.
- Laufenfels, M.W. de. 1939. Sponges collected on the Presidential Cruise of 1938. Smithson. Misc. Collect. 98 (15), 7 pp.
- Lehnert, H. & R.W.M. van Soest. 1996. North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia 46(4): 53-81.
- Lehnert, H. & R.W.M. van Soest. 1998. Shallow water sponges of Jamaica. Beaufortia 48(5): 71-103.
- Lehnert, H. & R.W.M. van Soest. 1999. More North Jamaican deep fore-reef sponges. Beaufortia 49(12): 141-169.
- Lehnert, H. & W. Heimler. 2001. Description of the north Jamaican Timea micraster n. sp. (Porifera: Demospongiae: Hadromeria: Timeidae). Beaufortia 51(12): 213-220.
- Lehnert, H. 1993. Die Schwämme von Cozumel (Mexiko). Bestandsaufnahme, kritischer Vergleich taxonomischer Merkmale und Beschreibung einer neuen Art. Acta Biol. Benrodis 5: 35-127.
- Lehnert, H. 1998. Thrombus jancai new species (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida) from shallow water off Jamaica. Bull. Mar. Sci. 62(1): 181-187.
- Leitâo, A.M., A. F. Pego & W.M. Lopes. Poriferos asinalados no Brasil. Avulso Cent. Estud. Zool. Univ. Brasil 10, 29 pp.
- Little Jr., F.J. 1963. The sponge fauna of St. George's Sound, Apalachee Bay, and Panama City regions of the Florida Gulf Coast. Tulane Stud. Zool. 11(2): 31-71.
- Loaiza Coronado, B. 1991. Estudio taxonómico de las esponjas del Parque Nacional Cahuita, Sector Puerto Vargas e Isla Uvita, Limón, Costa Rica. Brenesia 36: 21-62.
- Loh, T.-L., S.López-Legentil, B. Song & J.R. Pawlik. 2010. Phenotypic variability in the Caribbean Orange Icing sponge Mycale laevis (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida). Hydrobiologia 687: 205–217.
- Lopez-Legentil, S., P.M. Erwin, T.P. Henkel, T.-L. Loh & J.R. Pawlik. 2010. Phenotypic plasticity in the Caribbean sponge Callyspongia vaginalis (Porifera: Haplosclerida). Sci. Mar. 74(3): 445-453.
- Maldonado, M. & C.M. Young. 1998. Reevaluation of stalked aplysinid sponges with description of a new species from the upper Bahamian slope. Bull. Mar. Sci. 63(2): 417-426.
- Maynard, C.J. 1894. Studies of North American sponges. Contr. Sci. 2: 47-92.
- Menegola, C., G.J.G. Santos, F. Moraes & G. Muricy. 2011. Three new species of Strongylacidon (Chondropsidae: Poecilosclerida: Demospongiae) from north-east Brazil, with new morphological characters for the family. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92(05): 859-867.
- Menegola, C.M. 2002. Revisão das espécies de Geodia Lamarck, 1815 (Porifera, Astrophorida, Geodiidae) do Atlântico Ocidental e Pacífico Oriental. Doctoral Dissertation, Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de Zoologia, São Paulo, 325 pp., 625 figs.
- Menegola, C.M. J. Fernandez, A. Lage & S. Peixinho. 2010. Two new records of Thrombidae Sollas, 1888 (Porifera, Demospongiae, Astrophorida) from Brazil, Southwestern Atlantic. Mem. XIII Congr. Lat. Cienc. Mar - COLACMAR, Cuba: 1622-1631.
- Miklucho-Maclay, N. 1868. Beiträge zur Kenntniss der Spongien I. Jenaische Zeitschrift für Medicin und Naturwissenschaft 4: 221-240, pls IV-V.
- Montagu, G. 1814. An Essay on Sponges, with Descriptions of all the Species that have been discovered on the Coast of Great Britain. Memoirs of the Wernerian Natural History Society 2 (1): 67-122, pls III-XVI.
- Moraes, F.C. & G. Muricy. 2003. Taxonomy of Plakortis and Plakinastrella (Demospongiae: Plakinidae) from oceanic islands of north-eastern Brazil, with description of three new species. J. Mar. Biol. Ass. U.K. 83: 385-397.
- Moraes, F.C. de. 2011. Esponjas das ilhas oceânicas Brasileiras. Museu Nacional, Rio de Janeiro, Série Livros 44, 252 pp.
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