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Pandaros acanthifolium Cliona acephala Calcifibrospongia actinostromarioides Geodia aff. corticostylifera Geodia aff. gibberosa sp.4-“melon” Geodia aff. gibberosa sp.5 Cliona aff. janitrix Niphates alba Phorbas amaranthus Axinyssa ambrosia Niphates amorpha Cliona amplicavata Desmapsamma anchorata Cinachyrella apion Cliona aprica Monanchora arbuscula Aplysina archeri Iotrochota arenosa Callyspongia armigera Suberites aurantiacus Smenospongia aurea Coelocarteria bartschi Aplysina bathyphila Terpios belindae Iotrochota birotulata Siphonodictyon brevitubulatum Ircinia campana Neopetrosia carbonaria Cliona caribbaea Biemna caribea Chondrilla caribensis forma caribensis Chondrilla caribensis forma hermatypica Niphates caribica Aplysina cauliformis -“brown erect morphotype” Aplysina cauliformis -“lilac creeping morphotype” Ceratoporella nicholsoni Agelas cerebrum Agelas cervicornis Agelas citrina Leucaltis clathria Clathria (Clathria) faviformis Clathria (Clathria) foliacea Agelas clathrodes Spirastrella coccinea Chondrosia collectrix Amphimedon complanata Amphimedon compressa Agelas conifera Smenospongia conulosa Siphonodictyon coralliphagum Higginsia coralloides Axinella corrugata Aiolochroia crassa Aiolochroia crassa -“yellow spherical morphotype” Biemna cribaria Svenzea cristinae Tectitethya crypta Acanthella cubensis Cervicornia cuspidifera Cliothosa delitrix Xestospongia deweerdtae “associated” Xestospongia deweerdtae “free living” Niphates digitalis Axinella ?digitiformis Agelas dilatata Agelas dispar Neopetrosia dominicana Cribrochalina dura Dysidea etheria Chelonaplysilla “erecta” Niphates erecta Callyspongia ?eschrichti Callyspongia fallax Ircinia felix -“brown, dark oscules, massive morphotype” Ircinia felix -“whitish, dark oscules, sprawling morphotype” Ectyoplasia ferox Aplysina fistularis Svenzea? flava Cliona flavifodina Leucetta floridana Erylus formosus Aplysina fulva Dictyonella funicularis Verongula gigantea Strongylacidon griseum Myrmekioderma gyroderma Haliclona (Halichoclona) magnifica Plakortis halichondrioides -“dark morphotype” Plakortis halichondrioides -“light brown morphotype” Dercitus (Halinastra) luteus Halisarca caerulea Spirastrella hartmani Hyattella cavernosa Hyrtios cavernosus Tedania ignis Desmanthus incrustans Aplysina insularis Lissodendoryx isodictyalis Plakina jamaicensis Dysidea janiae Stelletta kallitetilla Tedania klausi Cinachyrella kuekenthali Aplysina lacunosa Mycale laevis Pione lampa Prosuberites laughlini Mycale laxissima Callyspongia longissima Dragmacidon alvarezae Artemisina melana Halichondria (Halichondria) melanodocia Placospherastra micraster Clathria (Microciona) bulbotoxa Clathria (Microciona) calla Clathria (Microciona) echinata Clathria (Microciona) spinosa Mycale microsigmatosa Chalinula molitba Axinella morchella Xestospongia muta Plakina nathaliae Geodia neptuni Asteropus niger Neofibularia nolitangere Merlia normani Igernella notabilis Spongia “obscura” -“shaggy” Spongia “obscura” -“smooth” Topsentia ophiraphidites Didiscus oxeatus Callyspongia pallida Geodia papyracea Cliona peponaca Aaptos pernucleata Petrosia (Petrosia) pellasarca Petrosia (Petrosia) weinbergi Plakinastrella onkodes Plakortis angulospiculatus Callyspongia plicifera Calyx podatypa Axinella ?pomponiae Hyrtios proteus Neopetrosia proxima Chalinula pseudomolitba Topsentia pseudoporrecta Ptilocaulis marquezii Stelletta pudica Myrmekioderma rea Niphates recondita Verongula reiswigi Haliclona (Reniera) ?ruetzleri Haliclona (Reniera) tubifera Chondrosia “reniformis” Dragmacidon reticulatum Verongula rigida Neopetrosia rosariensis Batzella rubra Scopalina ruetzleri Agelas sceptrum Agelas schmidti Cliona schmidtii Lissodendoryx sigmata Siphonodictyon siphonum Haliclona (Soestella) ?melana Haliclona (Soestella) ?twincayensis Unidentified -“soft with green filamentous algae” Dysidea? sp. Diplastrella sp.1 Plakortis deweerdtaephila Clathrina sp.1-“yellow with tri- and tetractines” Diplastrella sp.2 Aaptos sp.2-“brown tuberculate” Placospongia colombiensis Dictyonella sp.2-“with oxea” Clathrina sp.2-“yellow with only triactines” Hyrtios? sp. Aaptos sp.3-“light brown smooth” Pleraplysilla sp. Geodia sp.-“Biscayne Bay” Ircinia sp.-“black and smooth morphotype” Smenospongia sp.-“black massive” Amphimedon? sp.-“branching morphotype” Amphimedon? sp.-“castle morphotype” Chondrilla sp.-“cave, grayish morphotype” Ircinia sp.-“creamy/dirty morphotype” Batzella sp.-“creamy salmon” Verongula sp-.”fouled” Hyrtios sp.-“gray amphora” Amphimedon sp.-“gray-green branch-ridge” Aplysina sp.-“long branchelets” Plakortis sp.-“no spicules” Acanthella sp.-“orange bush-lobe-tube” Axinella sp.-“orange corrugated tubes” Cliona dioryssa Niphates sp.-“orange thick encrustation” Axinella sp.-“orange-yellow velvety tubes” Smenospongia sp.-“parrot green” Neopetrosia dendrocrevacea Suberea sp.-“soft Aplysina lacunosa” Ircinia sp.-“tigrina morphotype” Amphimedon? sp.-“tubular morphotype” Xestospongia sp.-“whitish thick encrustation” Biemna sp.-“yellow tough cushions” Ircinia strobilina Callyspongia strongylophora Petrosia (Strongylophora) davilai Petrosia (Strongylophora) sp.-“crumbly round volcano” Neopetrosia subtriangularis Agelas sventres Polymastia tenax Callyspongia tenerrima Cliona tenuis Clathria (Thalysias) curacaoensis Clathria (Thalysias) minuta Clathria (Thalysias) sp.3 Clathria (Thalysias) virgultosa Agelas tubulata Spongia “tubulifera” -“fouled” Svenzea? tubulosa Dragmaxia undata Callyspongia vaginalis Cliona varians Cribrochalina vasculum Cliona vermifera Spheciospongia vesparium Hyrtios violaceus Amphimedon viridis Ptilocaulis walpersii Agelas wiedenmayeri Siphonodictyon xamaycaense Unidentified -“yellow fistules” Axinyssa yumae Chalinula zeae Svenzea zeai

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Demospongiae > Clionaida > Clionaidae > Cliona acephala

Species: Cliona acephala
  • Location: Colombia-Santa Marta
  • Habitat: rocky shore/shallow reef
  • Photographer: Sven Zea
  • Picture Taken On: 1983-04-28
  • Picture Notes: live photograph of the holotype ICN-MHN(Po) 0226
  • Color: brown
  • Morphology: encrusting
  • Consistency: tough
Click image for full resolution

Spicules image: SEM images of: a) Tylostyles; b) ends of tylostyles (SEM). Sample from Santa Marta, Colombia (specimen ICN-MHN(Po) 0226, holotype).

Tissue image: Ground and polished sections of coral skeleton with sponge: a) perpendicular section at the surface showing the epilithic portion of the tissue over excavated areas; b) perpendicular section at the surface showing brushes of spicules and inhalant canals; c) enlargement of the surface palisade; d) enlargement of an excavated portion of the coral skeleton showing the characteristic etch marks. Sample from Santa Marta, Colombia (specimen ICN-MHN(Po) 0226, holotype).